Sunday, June 24, 2001
8 a.m. - 10 a.m.

Room: 230/244
Technical Session 1

Experimental Testing and Modeling of a Dual-Fired LiBr-H2O Absorption Chiller (4457)
Sunday, June 24, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Tom A. Gee, Jiming Cao, Ph.D., James A. Mathias, Student Member and Richard N. Christensen, Ph.D., Member, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
A LiBr-H2O chiller was modified to utilize heat sources from natural gas combustion and/or from a hot fluid. This was achieved by replacing the original gas fired generator with a dual fired generator. Steam was used as the hot fluid. The generator of the chiller can be powered by each source separately or both sources simultaneously. Experimental investigation was performed to obtain capacity and COP of the original chiller and the modified chiller. The experimental conditions were closely modeled by a numerical program.

Operating Characteristics of Five Stratified Chilled Water Thermal Storage Tanks (RP-992) (4458)
Sunday, June 24, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.9 Thermal Storage
William E. Stewart, Jr., Ph.D., P.E., Member, InterMountain Research, Olathe, KS
An investigation was conducted on the operation of stratified chilled water storage tanks at five installations. The study confirmed that the thermocline thickness is dependent upon the flow rate of the inlet water into the relatively still tank water, reflected in the parameters of Reynolds number and Froude number.

Parametric Study of Charging Inlet Diffuser Performance in Stratified Chilled Water Storage Tanks with Radial Diffusers: Part 1 - Model Development and Validation (HVAC&R Journal January 2001) (RP-1077) (4459)
Sunday, June 24, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 06.09, Thermal Storage
Amy Musser, Ph.D., Associate Member, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE; W. P. Bahnfleth, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to simulate the flow and heat transfer near a lower radial inlet diffuser in a cylindrical stratified chilled water storage tank during charging. The model was used to perform parametric simulations of inlet diffuser performance in full-scale tanks during thermocline formation, from which were derived first-order correlation relating thermal performance to tank and diffuser design parcmeters. Part 1 describes the development of the CFD model and its validation.

Parametric Study of Charging Inlet Diffuser Performance in Stratified Chilled Water Storage Tanks with Radial Diffusers: Part 2 - Dimensional Analysis, Parametric Simulations and Simplified Model Development (HVAC&R Journal January 2001) (RP-1077) (4460)
Sponsor: TC 06.09, Thermal Storage
Amy Musser, Ph.D., Associate Member, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE; W. P. Bahnfleth, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to simulate the flow and heat transfer near a lower radial inlet diffuser in a cylindrical stratified chilled water storage tank during charging. The model was used to perform parametric simulations of inlet diffuser performance in full-scale tanks during thermocline formation, from which first-order correlation relating thermal performance to tank and diffuser design parameters were derived. Part 1 describes the development of the CFD model and its validation. Part 2 reports the results of the parametric study.

Techno-Economic Analysis of Absorption Chillers Powered by Low-Grade Heat, With and Without Vortex Induced Pressure Reduction in the Generator (4461)
Sunday, June 24, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Solomon S. Fineblum, P.E., Member, Megadyne, Inc., Stoughton, MA
Where only low grade heat is available for industrial absorption chiller installations, the systems are adjusted to operate at the available lower temperatures with a cooler generator. However, reduction in generator temperature results in reduced chiller capacity. Thus, the capital requirement per unit of capacity is increased when generator temperature is dropped. One approach to a lower generator temperature involves the lowering of generator pressure to permit an absorption chiller to function more efficiently with relatively cooler sources of waste heat.

Symposium CI-01-01
Room: 263
Air Velocity Measurements in Non-Ideal Flow Conditions
Sunday, June 24, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.2, Instruments and Measurements
Chair: Stephen Idem, Member, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN
Instruments to measure air velocity are calibrated under ideal conditions. This symposium examines the accuracy of air velocity measurements performed under conditions of low velocity, high turbulence intensity, or strong gradients and swirl.
1. Measurements of 2-D Air Velocities in a Full Scale Room Using Particle Image Velocimetry
Lingying Zhao, Ph.D., Associate Member, and Yuanhui Zhang, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL; Xinlei Wang, Ph.D., Associate Member, International Truck & Engine Corp., Melrose Park, IL; Gerald L. Riskowski, Ph.D., P.E., Member and Leslie L. Christianson, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
2. Inaccuracies in Standard Meterological Low Speed Wind Data
Geoff J. Levermore, Ph.D., Member, UMIST, Manchester, England, UK; Christopher H. Sanders, BRE, Ltd., Glasgow, Scotland, UK; Jonathan Dewsbury, Ph.D., Member, Alan Gadian, Ph.D., and Patrick J. Laycock, Ph.D., UMIST, Manchester, England, UK
3. Ultrasonic Measurement in the Palm of Your Hand
Peter M. Downing, Ph.D., Airflow Developments Ltd., High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England
4.An Experimental Study of Convection Heat Transfer of a Body Disturbed by Local Air Flow (4491)
Hiroshi Homma, Member, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
5. Air-to-Air Energy Exchanger Test Facility for Mass and Energy Transfer Performance
Ephraim M. Sparrow, Ph.D., Fellow, Life Member, University of Minnesota; Gerald Martin, Associate Member, XeteX, Inc., Minneapolis, MN; John Abraham

Symposium CI-01-02
Room: 262
Aspects of Secondary Fluid Systems and Space Conditioning in Supermarkets
Sunday, June 24, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 10.7 Commercial Food and Beverage Cooling Display and Storage
Chair: Cynthia Gage, Ph.D., Member, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC
This session presents information on secondary fluid refrigeration systems and on the supermarket ambient environment that surrounds the refrigeration equipment. Second law considerations for the performance of medium temperature systems are calculated, and field experience in implementing secondary fluid system design are discussed. Ambient temperature and relative humidity are important to the performance of the display cases, and results from in-store monitoring are presented. Defrost options for cases operating with secondary fluids are analyzed.
1. Analysis of a Medium Temperature Secondary Loop Refrigeration System
W. Travis Horton, Student Member, and Eckhard A. Groll, Ph.D., Member, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN
2. Relative Humidity and Temperature Measurements and Predictions in Supermarkets (4492)
Luis Rosario, Ph.D., Member, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela; Ronald H. Howell, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, , Meridian, ID
3. Defrost Issues in Indirectly Refrigerated Display Cases
Pega Hrnjak, Ph.D., Member, and Y. Mao, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL

Seminar 1
Room: 242
A Review of State of the Art in Building Simulation
Sunday, June 24, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 4.7, Energy Calculations
Chair: Drury B. Crawley, Member, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC
Many software tools are available to predict peak HVAC system design loads or annual energy performance. Even with the wide range of tools, design professionals rarely use these tools on smaller buildings. In addition, international efforts to develop common data models that facilitate building data exchange between software applications are beginning to reach the market, including tools to share data among HVAC&R and CAD tools. This seminar presents the results from two recently completed research projects that characterized current building simulation and design tools capabilities. Further, the seminar presents the state-of-the-art on sharing building data among software tools.
1. State-of-the-Art Review of HVAC Component and System Simulation and Design Tools
Hugh I. Henderson, P.E., Member, CDH Energy Corp., Cazenovia, NY
2. State-of-the-Art Review of Whole Building and Building Envelope Simulation and Design Tools
Peter C. Jacobs, P.E., Member, Architectural Energy Corp., Boulder, CO
3. State-of-the-Art Review of Building Data Exchange for Software Interoperability
Robert J. Hitchcock, Ph.D., Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Washington, DC

Seminar 2
Room: 243
Aircraft Cabin Air Quality
Sunday, June 24, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.3 Transportation Air Conditioning
Chair: Niren L. Nagda, Ph.D., Member, ENERGEN Consulting, Inc., Germantown, MD
The seminar provides the latest information on aircraft cabin ventilation rates, cabin air quality, endotoxin (microbial contamination) levels and use of filtration to control microbial exposures. Speakers from a flight attendant association, NIOSH, and the private industry are included. These topics relate closely to concerns and deliberations of the SPC 161P and TC 9.3.
1. Investigating the Impacts of Occupant Density and Ventilation on Indoor Air Quality in Offices, Classrooms and Aircraft
Douglas S. Walkinshaw, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Indoor Air Technologies, Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada
2. Ventilation Studies of Commercial Aircraft Cabins
Jennifer L. Topmiller, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH
3. Cabin Air Quality Exposure Assessment
Martha Waters, Ph.D., NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH
4. Characterization of Endotoxin in the Air and Settled Dust of Commercial Aircraft
Cynthia J. Hines, and Martha A. Waters, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH; Lennart Larsson, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden; Martin R. Petersen, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH; Donald K. Milton, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
5. Modern Filtration for Aircraft Cabin Air
Bill Needelman, Pall Corporation, Port Washington, NY

Seminar 3
Room: 260/261
Flammability Classification of Refrigerants
Sunday, June 24, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 3.1 Refrigerants and Secondary Coolants
Chair: Bill Walter, Member, Carrier Corp., Syracuse, NY
ASHRAE Standard 34 has three classifications for refrigerants based on flammability data: Class 1 - no flame propagation, Class 2 - lower flammability and Class 3 - higher flammability. The distinction between Class 2 and Class 3 is based on the lower flammable limit and the heat of combustion. Recently there have been proposals to change the criteria used to distinguish between these two classes. This seminar describes the existing and proposed methods of distinguishing between Class 2 and Class 3 refrigerants.
1. Flammability Classification as per ASHRAE Standard 34-1997 and Proposed Addendum
Robert Richard, Member, Honeywell, Buffalo, NY
2. Use of the R-Factor for Determining Flammability Classification of Refrigerants
Osami Kataoka, Member, Daikin Industries, Ltd., Kita-Ku, Osaka, Japan
3. Use of the RF-Number for Determining Flammability Classification of Refrigerants
Akira Sekiya, Ph.D.,and Shigeo Kondo, Ph.D., Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
4. Evaluation of Flame Speed as a Criteria for Determining Flammability Classification of Refrigerants
Denis Clodic, Ph.D., Member, Ecole Des Mines De Paris, Paris Cedex, France

Seminar 4
Room: 235/236
Thermal Energy Storage: A Basic Solution to Blackouts, Brownouts and Deregulation
Sunday, June 24, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.9 Thermal Storage
Chair: Mark M. MacCracken, P.E., Member, Calmac Manufacturing, Englewood, NJ
Blackouts, brownouts and other power supply issues have increased since the start of the transition to a deregulated electrical marketplace. Demand side management is again seen as a critical tool for increasing the stability of the nation's grid. Thermal energy storage (TES) is resurging since it is the only technology that can shift a large portion of on-peak electrical load to off-peak hours. Basic TES systems save money and energy and make customers attractive to new energy suppliers.
1. Thermal Energy Storage, Deregulation and Power Outages: How Do They Relate?
Mark M. MacCracken, P.E., Member, Calmac Manufacturing, Englewood, NJ
2. Back to the Basics of Good TES Design
Brian M. Silvetti, P.E., Member, Calmac Manufacturing, Englewood, NJ
3. Designing Cool Storage Systems for Energy Efficiency
James S. Elleson, P.E., Member, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
4. TES and Rates in a Deregulated Electric Market
Charles W. Frazell, P.E., Member, Texas Utilities, Ft. Worth, TX
5. Thermal Energy Storage - Exploring the Possibilities
Douglas T. Reindl, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI

Sunday, June 24, 2001
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM

Forum 1
Room: 265
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Can a Water Treatment Program Provide Adequate Protection for Enhanced Tube Chiller Systems?
Sunday, June 24, 2001 8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Sponsor: TC 3.6 Water Treatment
Moderator: David L. Stonecipher, Ondeo Nalco, Naperville, IL
The forum discusses the specific difficulties associated with water treatment for chillers with enhanced tube designs. Is an ASHRAE guideline needed for designers and operators or is additional research needed to handle the specific fouling issues related to these systems?

Forum 2
Room: 268
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
What Technical Information and Tools Do Design Engineers Want from ASHRAE?
Sunday, June 24, 2001 8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Sponsor: Research Administration Committee
Moderator: Philip Haves, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
There is a continuing need for ASHRAE to provide technical information and tools that meet the needs of designers. The Research Administration Committee wants to hear from small design firms in particular what additional information, procedures, tools, guides, etc. would best meet their needs to produce better designs more cost-effectively. Ideas from the forum will be passed to relevant technical committees and will also be used in the development of the Society's research plan.

Forum 3
Room: 265
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Effects of Design Build and Performance Contracting on Operations and Maintenance
Sunday, June 24, 2001 9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.7 Operation and Maintenance Management
Moderator: James W. Gartner, Member, Shaw Almex, Fusion Systems, Cincinnati, OH
With increasing cost pressures, more and more buildings are contracted with HVAC under performance contracts and or design build rather than traditional plan and specification bids. Do they result in better or lesser operations and maintenance activities after the initial start-up?

Forum 4
Room: 268
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
What Is ASHRAE's Design Role in Times of More Frequent Power Interruptions?
Sunday, June 24, 2001 9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.9 Electrical Systems; TC 4.6 Building Operation Dynamics, TC 9.5 Cogeneration Systems, 4.11 Smart Building Systems
Moderator: Kenneth R. Luther, Member, ITT Fluid Handling, Morton Grove, IL
Today’s HVAC designer is faced with yet another variable…the power supply. With power interruptions becoming more frequent, what steps must the designer take to ensure that the client has a reliable source of power? Tools include thermal storage, UPS, co-generation, generation, building controls and operational choices. These choices do not come cheaply and may require a LCC analysis to justify the cost increase to the owner(s). This forum explores the effectiveness of options available and tries to answer the question “What measures must a designer take to ensure the HVAC system can tolerate such events without impacting the indoor conditions or processes?”

Sunday, June 24, 2001
10:15 a.m. - 12:15 p.m.

Symposium CI-01-03
Room: 230/244
Design Issues for Geothermal Heat Pumps
Sunday, June 24, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 6.8 Geothermal Energy Utilization
Chair: Christopher S. Sharpe, P.E., Member, Duke Energy, Charlotte, NC
The popularity of geothermal heat pumps has increased significantly over the last several years. As these installations have grown in acceptance, research has been conducted to assist practitioners and designers of these systems. This symposium addresses these issues through four papers. Two papers deal with equipment and associated design entering water temperatures and fresh air moisture control. The other papers address specification of water wells and the economics of various geothermal system designs.
1. Selecting the Design Entering Water Temperature for Vertical Geothermal HP in a Cooling-Dominated Application
John A. Shonder, Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN; Jeff W. Thornton, Member, TESS, Madison, WI; Patrick J. Hughes, Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
2. Impact of Design Simplicity on the Economics of Geothermal Heat Pumps
Steve Kavanaugh, Ph.D., Member, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
3. Specification of Water Wells
Kevin Rafferty, Member, Geo Heat Center, Klamath Falls, OR
4. Fresh Air Moisture Control with a WSHP and Enthalpy Recovery System
Ronald E. Domitrovic, Member, Benjamin D. Braxton, and F.C. Chen, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN; William S. Johnson, Ph.D., Member, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN; David R. Dinse, Member, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, TN

Symposium CI-01-04
Room: 262
Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Heat-Exchanger Design
Sunday, June 24, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 1.3 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow
Chair: Walter R. Schwarz, Ph.D., Member, Fluent Inc., Lebanon, NH
Applications of CFD in the design of heat exchangers used in various HVAC&R systems are explained in this symposium.
1. 3-D Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis in Convex Louver Finned-Tube Heat Exchangers
Jiin-Yuh Jang, Ph.D., Member, Kuo-Pin Shieh, and Herchang Ay, Ph.D., National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
2. Effect of Successively Variable Louver Angle on the Airside Performance of Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
Min-Sheng Liu, Jin-Sheng Leu, Ph.D., Ruey-Jong Shyu, Ph.D., Member, and Chi-Chuan Wang, Ph.D., Member, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
3. CFD Simulation of Turbulent Combustion and Mixing Processes Upstream of Desiccant Wheel
Jianlei Niu, Ph.D., Member, L.W. Chuk, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Seminar 5
Room: 242
Commissioning Centrifugal Chiller Plants
Sunday, June 24, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 8.2 Centrifugal Machines
Chair: John Vucci, Member, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
Commissioning "new" centrifugal plants insures total integration of systems. It provides for both integrity of design operation and accuracy in energy consumption as intended by the designer. Simple startup of individual components does not integrate the "system" as intended, and many times results in improper plant operation and excess energy consumption. Failure to train operators initially can lead to continued failure of the system to perform as intended. Interactions within the plant are of critical performance. "Retro-commissioning" reinforces original design intents and should be considered as a valuable tool to verify performance throughout the plant's life.
1. Commissioning of Central Plants
Rebecca T. Ellis, P.E., Associate Member, Sebesta Blomberg, Roseville, MN
2. 2. Commissioning and Check Out of Boiler House Utilities Including 5000 Ton Chilled Water System
Vinod P. Gupta, P.E., Member, 3M Co., St. Paul, MN
3. Commissioning Issues for All-Variable Speed Chiller Plants
Thomas Hartman, P.E., Member, The Hartman Co., Marysville, WA

Seminar 6
Room: 260/261
Energy Conservation in Healthcare Facilities
Sunday, June 24, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 9.8 Large Building Air-Conditioning Applications
Chair: Boggarm S. Setty, P.E., Member, Setty & Associates, Ltd., Fairfax, VA
The seminar focuses on plant upgrades and system consolidations, energy conservation opportunities in mechanical systems, recommissioning and evaluating conservation opportunities, and energy efficient designs in European hospitals.
1. Innovative Chiller Plant Upgrade at Large Hospitals: VFD Chillers and Other System Consolidations
to Eliminate 6 CFC Chillers
Richard J. Dirienzo, P.E., Member, Engineering Solutions, Inc., Natick, MA; Teerachai Srisirikul, P.E., Member, PHS/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
2. Energy Conservation Opportunities in Hospital HVAC Systems
Robert L. Cox, P.E., Member, Avanti Technologies, Inc., St. Louis, MO
3. Recommissioning and Energy Conservation Approach in a Health Care Facility
James O. Turner, P.E., Member, and Anand K. Seth, P.E., Member, Partners Health Care Systems, Inc., Boston, MA
4. Energy Efficient Design
Frank A. Mills, P.E., Member, Frank Mills Associates, Leyland, Lancashire, England

Seminar 7
Room: 263
Performance and Defrost Issues with Refrigerated Display Cases
Sunday, June 24, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 10.7 Commercial Food and Beverage Cooling Display and Storage
Chair: William Burdwood, Associate Member, Aetos Construction, Pittsburgh, PA
The performances of refrigerated display cases are impacted by the environment surrounding them, the methods of control and defrost utilized as well as how product is displayed in them. This seminar investigates how different product loading scenarios within the refrigerated case, alternate defrost method and the installation of retrofit doors affect the overall case performance, product integrity and energy use.
1. Effects of Improper Product Loading on the Performance of an Open Vertical Meat Display Case
Bruce Coburn, Rafik Sarhadian, and Ramin Faramarzi, P.E., Associate Member, Southern California Edison, Irwindale, CA
2. Performance and Energy Impact of Installing Glass Doors on an Open Vertical Deli/Dairy Display Case
Ramin Faramarzi, Associate Member, Southern California Edison, Irwindale, CA
3. Using Liquid Desiccants to Keep Display Cases Frost Free
Hugh I. Henderson, Jr., Member, CDH Energy Corp., Cazenovia, NY

Seminar 8
Room: 243
Perspectives on ASHRAE's Residential Ventilation Standard
Sunday, June 24, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 4.3 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration
Chair: Bruce A. Wilcox, P.E., Member, Berkeley Solar Group, Piedmont, CA
SPC 62.2P has been working for three years to draft a new standard on Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings. This seminar presents an overview of the draft standard along with the perspectives of several of the diverse interests involved in the consensus process.
1. Description of ASHRAE Standard 62.2P
Max H. Sherman, Ph.D., Fellow, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
2. The Pulminary Medicine Perspective on Air Quality and Ventilation
Rebecca Bascom, Pennsylvania State Medical School, Hershey, PA
3. Gas Industry Perspective
Roger Hedrick, Member, GARD Analytics, Park Ridge, IL
4. The Home Builder's Perspective
Richard Morris, National Association of Home Builders, Washington, DC
5. Experience with 3000 Build America Ventilation Systems
Joseph Lstiburek, Ph.D., P.E., Building Science Corporation, Westford, MA

Seminar 9
Room: 235/236
Smoke Management Components: An Update
Sunday, June 24, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 5.6 Control of Fire and Smoke
Chair: William A. Webb, P.E., Member, Performance Technology Consulting, Ltd., Lake Bluff, IL
The seminar presents a primer on smoke management and the performance of the components which make up the system. Material to be considered when evaluating components is described. It is intended that this information be included in the Handbook. An update on the progress of a document to rate smoke exhaust fans, the companion to ASHRAE Standard 149, Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans Used to Exhaust Smoke in Smoke Management Systems, is presented, and the final presentation describes how to integrate the components to achieve proper performance.
1. How to Integrate Components
Michael L. Wolf, P.E., Member, Greenheck Corp., Schofield, WI
2. Smoke Control System Overview
Chas Magdanz, P.E., Member, Alvine and Associates, Omaha, NE
3. Smoke Exhaust Fan Specifications Ratings
Ronald J. Lievens, Member, Emerson Ventilation Products, Lenexa, KS
4. Task Group Report on What Should Be in the Handbook
Robert M. Van Becelaere, Member, Ruskin, Grandview, MO

Sunday, June 24, 2001
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM

Forum 5
Room: 268
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Thermal Storage Modeling: What's Available? What's Needed?
Sunday, June 24, 2001 10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.9 Thermal Storage; TC 4.6 Building Operation Dynamics
Moderator: James S. Elleson, P.E., Member, University of Wisconsin HVAC&R Center, Madison, WI
Designers, owners and researchers of cool storage systems need tools to accurately model the various storage technologies and to simulate the performance of a variety of operating strategies. Several energy analysis programs provide the ability to model cool storage systems, but practitioners have found shortcomings with these models. This forum solicits input from ASHRAE members on their experiences and needs related to cool storage simulation. TCs 6.9 and 4.6 will use this information to guide their research and development of improved modeling routines.

Forum 6
Room: 265
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
What Should be Included in the Fan Chapter of the Handbook?
Sunday, June 24, 2001 10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Sponsor: TC 5.1 Fans
Moderator: Walter R. Ziemann, P.E., Member, Walter R. Zieman, P.E. Inc., Hockessin, DE
This forum discusses fan-related topics which users would like to see included in the Fan Chapter of the Handbook, and which may not presently be in the chapter.

Sunday, June 24, 2001
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM

Forum 7
Room: 268
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Preparing a Research Topic Acceptance Request (RTAR) - What Is Required
Sunday, June 24, 2001 11:15 AM - 12:05 PM Sponsor: Research Activities Committee
Moderator: Harvey Brickman, P.E., Fellow, Life, Tishman Construction Corp., New York, NY
This forum clarifies the requirements for a research topic acceptance request and answers any questions pertaining to them. It also entertains suggestions to improve the RTAR process.

Forum 8
Room: 265
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Sub-60 Feet Per Minute Fume Hoods
Sunday, June 24, 2001 11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Sponsor: TC 9.10 Laboratory Systems
Moderator: Victor Neuman, P.E., Member, Alfa Tech, San Francisco, CA
This innovative new fume hood category raises a lot of questions for installation, design, and testing of fume hoods. The reward of low installed cost and low operating cost can only be gained if we consider all safety implications and evaluate new designs of fume hoods that operate at face velocities below 100 feet per minute.

Sunday, June 24, 2001
1:00 PM - 3:00 PM

Symposium CI-01-05
Room: 260/261
Issues in Window Condensation Resistance
Sunday, June 24, 2001 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 4.5 Fenestration
Chair: Anil Parekh, P.E., Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
The assessment of window condensation resistance by computer simulation presents challenges. Computer simulation is a tool of choice for engineers and designers as it quickly and accurately generates aggregate U-factor and SHGC. However, the assessment of condensation potential on room-side surfaces requires detailed mapping of surface temperatures. This has led researchers to investigate local heat transfer inside window frame cavities using 3D analysis. Another issue is the impact of window air leakage on condensation resistance. Research was conducted to reconcile the testing and simulation of these effects.
1. Three Dimensional Conjugate Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Internal Window Frame Cavities Validated Using Infrared Thermography
Arild Gustavsen, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Brent Griffith, Member, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Dariush Arasteh, Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
2. Natural Convection Effects in Three Dimensional Window Frames with Internal Cavities
Arild Gustavsen, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Brent T. Griffith, Member, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Dariush Arasteh, P.E., Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
3. Rating the Condensation Potential of Windows: Results from Testing and Simulation
Stephen Carpenter, Member, and Morgan Hanam, P.E., Enermodal Engineering Limited, Kitchner, ON, Canada

Seminar 10
Room: 262
Advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics Applications
Sunday, June 24, 2001 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 4.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling
Chair: Mohammad H. Hosni, Ph.D., Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
This seminar focuses on the advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and applications to various problems of interest to ASHRAE members. Various computational techniques and turbulence modeling are available for specialized problems, however, each of the techniques requires good understanding of the geometry and boundary conditions for the problem at hand. In this seminar, numerical simulation results from several commercial software programs is presented and discussed.
1. CFD as a Practical Ventilation Design Tool
Jim Van Gilder, Member, Flomerics Inc., Southborough, MA
2. Application of Large Eddy Simulation for Ventilation Design
Qingyan (Yan) Chen, Ph.D., Member, MIT, Cambrige, MA
3. Representing Diffusers with Hemispherical Throws in CFD
Duncan A. Phillips, Ph.D., Member, Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin Inc., Guelph, ON, Canada
4. Numerical Investigation of Underground Parking Garage
Dale Holland, P.E., Member, and Hee-Jin Park, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Dunham Associates, Inc., Minneapolis, MN

Seminar 11
Room: 263
Control Issues in Hybrid HVAC Systems
Sunday, June 24, 2001 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 6.4 In Space Convection Heating
Chair: Morris L. Markel, Fellow, ML Markel Consultants, Buffalo, NY
Although hybrid (radiant/convective) HVAC systems are gaining popularity and attention they involve complex control issues. This seminar focuses on advanced control strategies, new control variables, and control of components.
1. Developing Cooling and Heating Control Strategies for a Hydronic Radiant/Convective System Supplied by a Ground Source Heat Pump
David G. Scheatzle, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
2. Current Issues and Possible Solutions for Control of Radiant Panels Used in Hybrid Systems
Robert Bean, Member, DanFoss Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada
3. Determination of New Control Variables for Hybrid HVAC Systems
Birol I. Kilkis, Ph.D., Member, WattsHeatway, Springfield, MO
4. The Importance of Flow Balancing in Hydronic Heating Systems
William D. Wright, Member, Weil-McLain Co., Michigan City, IN

Seminar 12
Room: 235/236
Early Considerations in Cleanroom Design
Sunday, June 24, 2001 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 9.11 Clean Spaces
Chair: E. Mitchell Swann, P.E., Member, Day & Zimmermann Bio-Pharm Technologies, Philadelphia, PA
Cleanrooms are among the most expensive and sensitive types of design and construction projects. Construction costs can range from $500 - $2000 per square foot. Operating costs are also very high. The value of the product produced can eclipse the room costs by a factor of 10. Given the significant first cost and business value inherent in such facilities, it is important that such projects be properly planned in order to be properly executed. This seminar explores the issues involved in the planning stages of a cleanroom project, including critical items that require owner, engineer and operator agreement.
1. A Cleanroom Energy Programming Guide
William Tschudi, P.E., Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
2. Conceptual Design Criteria: The Unit Cost Strategy for Clean Rooms
Roland Charneux, P.E., Member, Pageau Morel & Associates Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada
3. Achieving the Right Fit: Architectural Considerations
Jeff Talka, Member, Talka & Connor Architects & Engineers LLC, Alpharetta, GA
4. Planning for the Uncertain Future
E. Mitchell Swann, P.E., Member, Day & Zimmermann Bio-Pharm Technologies, Philadelphia, PA
5. Process Drivers: Equipment, Tools and Technology
Tom Huang, URS Corp, Austin, TX

Seminar 13
Room: 230/244
First Time at an ASHRAE Meeting? This Seminar's for You!
Sunday, June 24, 2001 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM
Sponsor: ASHRAE Program Committee
Chair: Robert J. Linder, P.E., Member, Owens Services Corp., Bloomington, MN
This seminar introduces new meeting attendees to the events of a Society meeting: how to get involved in a technical committee, what is the difference between a symposium and seminar, and how to become part of the meeting program. The role of ASHRAE staff in a meeting and the events that surround the meeting are explained. And if you're not having fun yet, the technical tours, student involvement, guest and "special" events (how to have fun at ASHRAE) are discussed.
1. Membership-Benefits to You, Benefits to Your Company
Michael Beda, P.E., Member, Process Equipment Co., Tulsa, OK
2. Standing Committees-What They Do, How Members Are Appointed
Tim McGinn, Member, Earth Tech Canada, Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
3. Technical Committees, Technical Programs
Daniel J. Dettmers, Member, HVAC&R Center, Madison, WI
4. The Fun Side of ASHRAE Meetings
Ronald Shelton, P.E., Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

Seminar 14
Room: 242
Update on Standards for Residential and Light Commercial Systems: SPC103, SPC152, SPC124, SPC62.1 and 62.2
Sunday, June 24, 2001 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 6.3 Central Forced Air Heating and Cooling Systems
Chair: Paul M. Haydock, P.E., Associate, Carrier Corp., Indianapolis, IN
Residential and light commercial heating and air-conditioning systems are affected by several ASHRAE standards. These standards impact equipment efficiency, distribution effectiveness and efficiency, and indoor air quality. Standards 103 and 124 are being revised to address the changing state of the art in furnace, boiler and combination system design. Standard 152P is challenged by the variety of thermal distribution systems and the high amount of energy loss that occurs through leakage and heat transfer. Standard 62 is balancing the benefits of fresh air ventilation with energy usage and the impacts on gas appliances in the structure.
1. Developments in Process for AFUE Testing of Furnaces and Boilers
Frank Jakob, P.E., Member, Battelle Labs, Columbus, Columbus, OH
2. ASHRAE Standard 152P: What's in It and How Did It Get There?
John Andrews, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY
3. Where SPC152P Left Off
Mark Modera, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
4. Standards Seminar Update ANSI/ASHRAE 124-1991R: Method of Testing for Rating Combination Space Heating / Water Heating Appliances
Bodh Subherwal, P.E., Member, BR Laboratories, Inc., Huntington Beach, CA
5. What's Happening in Standards 62.1 and 62.2P?
Roger Hedrick, Member, GARD Analytics, Park Ridge, IL

Seminar 15
Room: 243
Wireless Building System Control : Working a Net Without a Wire
Sunday, June 24, 2001 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 1.4 Control Theory and Application; TC 4.11 Smart Building Systems
Chair: Barry Bridges, Member, Ellerbe Becket, Minneapolis, MN
Radio is common to everyone, but the growth of the "wireless" phone system connecting to portable computers has called attention to the possibilities of this technology. Residential security and control applications using powerline carrier has brought the technology of no "new" wires into the home. Direct digital control "brains" have become the standard for building control during the last 30 years. Although wire is needed to power electric actuator muscle, digital instructions need not be similarly limited. This seminar addresses the issues that need to be resolved, what new technology is available, and considers application of wireless building system control.
1. Applications for Wireless RF Transceiver Technology in Building Controls
Robin D. Shaffer, Member, Zeus Wireless, Inc., Milwaukee, WI
2. Power-Line Carrier in Building Automation
Martin J. Burns, Ph.D., Member, Hypertek, Inc., North Potomac, MD
3. Wireless Sensors in Refrigeration
Agustin Cardona, Johnson Controls, Inc., Kennesaw, GA
4. Application of Spread Spectrum Radio Frequency Technology for Building Control Systems
Steve Peterson, Axonn LLC, Plymouth, MN

Sunday, June 24, 2001
1:00 PM - 1:50 PM

Forum 9
Room: 265
1:00 PM - 1:50 PM
Challenges of Maintaining Obsolete Equipment
Sunday, June 24, 2001 1:00 PM - 1:50 PM
Sponsor: TC 1.7 Operation and Maintenance Management
Moderator: A. John Rydzewski, Member, E.I. DuPont, Wilmington, DE
As equipment ages we may be faced with the decision to replace versus repair. This forum discusses the factors which may influence the decision and options to defer replacement when the budget is tight.

Forum 10
Room: 268
1:00 PM - 1:50 PM
IAQ Needs: Cars, Buses, Trains...
Sunday, June 24, 2001 1:00 PM - 1:50 PM
Sponsor: TC 2.3 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant
Moderator: Ker-Ching (K.C.) Hsieh, Ph.D., Member, Particle Tech, Inc., Vadnais Heights, MN
The IAQ concern in transportation vehicles has become an important issue as we spend more and more time in them. Data from the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) indicates that transportation vehicles contribute more than 25% of overall air pollution (including CO, particulate, VOC, NOx, Pb etc.). This forum initiates the discussion of the IAQ needs in various transportation vehicles.

Sunday, June 24, 2001
2:00 PM - 2:50 PM

Forum 11
Room: 268
2:00 PM - 2:50 PM
Humidity Control in Classrooms
Sunday, June 24, 2001 2:00 PM - 2:50 PM
Sponsor: TC 9.8 Large Building Air-Conditioning Applications
Moderator: Rick Hermans, P.E., Member, Ellerbe Becket, Minneapolis, MN
The goal of the forum is to hear anecdotal cases of experience by designers, builders, and owners who have successfully controlled humidity in educational facilities. Forum results provide input for the Handbook.

Forum 12
Room: 265
2:50 PM - 2:50 PM
Operator Tool, Actual kW per ton, for Central Chilled Water Plants
Sunday, June 24, 2001 2:50 PM - 2:50 PM
Sponsor: TC 9.1 Large Building Air-Conditioning Systems
Moderator: James B. (Burt) Rishel, P.E., Fellow Life, Pumping Solutions, LLC, West Chester, OH
Co-Moderator: John L. Kuempel Jr., P.E., Member, Kuempel Service Inc., Cincinnati, OH
TC 9.1, Central Chilled Water Plant Subcommittee, asks for input on the information for a guideline addressing a method of instrumentation and measurement of central chilled water plants operation in real-time kW per ton, with the emphasis on using this data for comparison and improving operational efficiency. Central chilled water plant equipment considered includes chillers, cooling towers, condenser water pumps and ancillary equipment.

Monday, June 25, 2001
8:00 AM - 10:00 AM

Technical Session 2
Room: 230/244

A Novel Total Heat Exchanger with Little Odor Transfer Using Ion Exchange Resin as a Desiccant (4462)
Monday, June 25, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Hiroshi Okano, Associate Member, Seibu Giken Co., Ltd., Koga-city, Fukuoka, Japan; Hiroshi Tanaka, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan; Tsutomu Hirose, Ph.D., Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-city, Kumamoto, Japan; Hiroshi Funato, Seibu Giken Co., Ltd., Koga-city, Fukuoka, Japan; Shu Ishihara, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan
Total heat exchangers are used in many countries as energy-saving devices for air conditioning in buildings and others. But they transferred odors because of accumulation of an offensive odor in the desiccant. We have investigated the cause of this problem and a possible solution. The result is to use a novel total heat exchanger with little odor transfer using ion exchange resin as a desiccant. The odor transfer properties of this novel total heat exchanger were analyzed in comparison with those of a conventional total heat exchanger using silica gel. A comparison was also made with other desiccants such as synthesized zeolite.

Air Crossover in Rotary Wheels Used for Air-to-Air Heat and Moisture Recovery (RP-862) (4463)
Monday, June 25, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Wei Shang, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Maury Wawryk, Associate Member, Venmar CES, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Robert W. Besant, P.E., Fellow, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Crossover between the exhaust and supply air is measured and analyzed for a commercially available energy wheel with typical sliding seals on the rotary wheel faces and perimeter. It was found that a purge section could reduce, but not eliminate, carryover of exhaust gases to the supply due to wheel rotation only when the supply air pressure is greater than the exhaust. Increasing pressure differences between the supply and the exhaust decreased the ventilation air flow rate compared to the maximum supply side flow rate. This reduction was much larger for a wheel with a purge section than one without.

Experimental Validation of a Long Underground Railway Tunnel Ventilation System Under Emergency Operation Modes (4464)
Monday, June 25, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Kuan-Hsiung Yang, Ph.D.,and S. K. Lee, National Sun-Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
A full-scale experimental investigation has been performed to validate the emergency operation modes of a 7m (22966ft) long underground railway tunnel ventilation system. Test results indicated that the tunnel ventilation system can successfully provide the critical air velocity needed for a fire sized 13.6MW (12920Btu/s). However, the huge smoke reservoir beneath the tunnel ceiling may allow more time for egress and should be considered in planning for the emergency procedure. The underground railway system is now in commercial operation.

Particle Separation Efficiency of a Uniflow Deduster with Different Types of Dust (RP-878) (4465)
Monday, June 25, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 2.2 Plant and Animal Environment
Yuanhui H. Zhang, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Xinlei Wang, Student Member,Gerald L. Riskowski, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Leslie L. Christianson, Ph.D., P.E., Member,and Steven E. Ford, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
Based on a sensitivity analysis of design parameters, a prototype uniflow deduster--a cyclone-type dust separator--was developed and evaluated. The prototype was used to verify the uniflow particle separation theory and to evaluate the particle separation theory and to evaluate the particle separation efficiency. Two types of dust were used in the evaluation, an artificial commercial dust and real swine building dust.

Refrigerant Concentrations in Motor Vehicle Passenger Compartments (4466)
Monday, June 25, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
James J. Jetter, P.E., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC; Reynaldo Forte, P.E., Member, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC; Francis R. Delafield, Arcadis Geraghty & Miller, Durham, NC
Refrigerant leak rates were measured for faulty air-conditioner evaporators removed from vehicles, and results indicated a range of very small to very large leaks. A survey of automotive air-conditioning service shops was conducted, and leakage scenarios were evaluated to determine possible worst-case conditions for inhalation exposure to refrigerant for vehicle occupants. Refrigerant concentrations were measured in passenger compartments of vehicles. Results from this work were utilized in a study to estimate the risk of exposure to refrigerants used in automotive air conditioning in the United States.

Seminar 16
Room: 243
Case Studies of Modern District Energy Systems
Monday, June 25, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.2 District Energy
Chair: Steven M. Tredinnick, P.E., Member, Kattner/FVB District Energy Inc., Minneapolis, MN
This seminar updates the overall state of the district energy industry and highlights several modern systems that are located in cities that have been or will be host to ASHRAE’s semi-annual meetings. This includes district energy systems in the meeting host cities of Cincinnati, Atlantic City, Chicago and Kansas City.
1. Current State of the District Energy Industry
Robert P. Thornton, International District Energy Association, Westborough, MA
2. District Energy in Atlantic City Is a Sure Bet
Tom Herzog, Conectiv Thermal Systems, Atlantic City, NJ
3. Modern District Energy Systems at ASHRAE Meeting Locations Part 1
John S. Andrepont, Member, The Cool Solutions Co., Naperville, IL
4. Modern District Energy Systems at ASHRAE Meeting Locations Part 2
Jack F. Kattner, P.E., Kattner/FVB District Energy Inc., Minneapolis, MN

Seminar 17
Room: 242
Getting in the Comfort Zone with Energy Recovery
Monday, June 25, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Kirk T. Mescher, P.E., Associate, CM Engineering, Columbia, MO
This program presents "hands on" design information for the creative engineer to apply standardized HVAC equipment into demanding system designs. With increased ventilation rates and requirements for better humidity control, the usual standard package design and installation falls short of complying with the more strenuous design requirements. This seminar offers some system solutions to these problems.
1. In Hospital Surgery Suites, How Can You Save Energy, Meet Strenuous Design Conditions and Make HVAC Equipment Smaller?
Kirk T. Mescher, P.E., Associate, CM Engineering, Columbia, MO
2. Achieving Comfort with ERVs in the Hospitality Industry
Davor Novosel, Member, Chelsea Group, Columbia, MO
3. Designing Ventilation Air Conditioning Using Energy Wheels
Robert W. Besant, P.E., Fellow, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
4. Impact of Mechanical Ventilation on Thermal Comfort
Dipak J. Shah, Member, Honeywell Systems and Controls Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN

Seminar 18
Room: 262
Internet for Global Working
Monday, June 25, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.5 Computer Applications
Chair: Timothy C. Dwyer, Member, CEng., South Bank University, London, UK
The Internet is fast becoming the preferred medium for transferring information among ASHRAE members. It provides a prime method for linking those in North America with the growing international membership. This seminar presents studies of applying the Internet to maximize the benefits of a truly international ASHRAE membership. It will put forward practical examples that enable fast, efficient cooperation between ASHRAE members and their collaborators across the world using low cost technology. The seminar also highlights some of the "do's and don'ts" that ensure a successful Internet existence.
1. What ASHRAE Members Need to Know About the Internet
Michael Phiri, Ph.D., University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
2. Project Power Through Extranets
Joel Orr, Ph.D., Bentley Systems, Inc., Chesapeake, VA
3. Web Based Collaborative Environment for Energy Code Development
Krishnan Gowri, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
4. Internet Based Project Management Information Systems
Wayne A Dunn, P.E., Member, Sunbelt Solutions, Jacksonville, FL

Seminar 19
Room: 263
Metric Conversion Issues: An Update
Monday, June 25, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.6 Terminology
Chair: Robert A. Zagar, P.E., Member, The Richardson Engineering Group, St. Louis, MO
In the metrication of HVAC systems and applications, ASHRAE had and has a unique role in bridging the U.S. to the rest of the metric world. Current issues include but not limited to consistent and accurate metrication of past design data, empirical equations, figures and diagrams in several publications and standards. This seminar addresses unique challenges of the present and future of metrication and discusses feasible solutions.
1. Practical Aspects in Metrication
Henry Manczyk, Member, Monroe County, Rochester, NY
2. The Rules of Metric Thumb
David Bevirt, P.E., Member, NEBB, Tucson, AZ
3. IP/SI Conversion of Empirical Equations and Practical Hints
Birol I. Kilkis, Ph.D., Member, WattsHeatway, Springfield, MO

Seminar 20
Room: 260/261
Oh No! Did I Agree To That? Everything The ASHRAE Member Ever Wanted To Know About Contracts
Monday, June 25, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TG 1 General Legal Education
Chair: Maralynne Flehner, Esq. (JD), Associate Member, King of Prussia, PA
This seminar discusses when a contract is formed; when contracts have to be in writing; defenses to breach of contract claims; business decisions that have to be made when entering into a contract and the factors that should be considered when making them; techniques and strategies for negotiating contracts; preparation of specifications, including the importance of referring to relevant standards, doing proper research, and the appropriateness of relying on specifications prepared by manufacturers; and how to reduce your exposure to risk through the use of contract terms.
1. The ABCs of Contract Law
Richard J. Tyler, Esq., Associate, Jones Walker Law Firm, New Orleans, LA
2. Techniques and Strategies for Negotiating a Contract
Richard H. Rooley, FREng, Fellow, Rooley Consultants, Stoke Poges, Bucks, England
3. Preparation of Specifications
Frederick H. Kohloss, P.E., Fellow, Frederick H. Kohloss Consulting Engineer, Honolulu, HI
4. How to Reduce Your Exposure to Risk Through the Use of Contract Terms
Maralynne Flehner, Esq. (JD), Associate Member, King of Prussia, PA

Seminar 21
Room: 235/236
Refrigeration Applications for the Food Industry
Monday, June 25, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 10.9 Refrigeration Application for Foods and for Beverages
Chair: Brian Webb, Member, Envirothermics Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
This seminar introduces updated calculation processes (recently compiled through an ASHRAE project); and application processes for several specific food refrigeration systems. A new state of the art Cincinnati refrigerated complex is also described.
1. Freezing Times of Foods
Brian A. Fricke, Ph.D., University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
2. Forced Air Cooling: A Low Cost Method for Rapid Cooling of Eggs
Gideon Zeidler, Member, University of California, Riverside, CA
3. Heat Transfer Co-Efficients for Food Freezing
Bryan R. Becker, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
4. Design of a Multistage R22 Refrigeration System for Meat Processing and Bakery Operations
Detlev Ohst, Advanced Ammonia Refrigeration Design Co., Cincinnati, OH

Monday, June 25, 2001:00 AM - 8:50 AM
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM

Forum 13
Room: 265
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
How Is Deregulation Going to Affect Turbine Inlet Air Cooling?
Monday, June 25, 2001 8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Sponsor: TG9 Combustion Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling Systems
Moderator: William E. Stewart, Jr., Ph.D., P.E., Member, InterMountain Research, Olathe, KS
With deregulation of the electric generation industry and other energy source suppliers, will the net result be an increased or decreased demand for turbine air cooling systems? This forum discusses the possibilities.

Forum 14
Room: 268
How Will the New Residential Central Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards Impact the Industry?
Monday, June 25, 2001 8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Sponsor: TC 7.6 Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
Moderator: Gregory J. Rosenquist, Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
The U.S. Department of Energy recently issued new minimum energy efficiency standards for residential central air conditioners and heat pumps that become effective in January 2006. Although products are currently available which meet the new standards, the vast majority of current sales slightly exceed the existing minimum standards of 10 SEER. The impending change to increase the production volume of more efficient equipment will obviously impact the industry. This forum seeks to obtain input as to how the industry will respond to the financial and technological challenges of producing equipment that comply with the new standards.

Monday, June 25, 2001 :00 AM - 9:50 AM
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM

Forum 15
Room: 268
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
What Energy Comparison Data Should Be Presented in the Energy Management Handbook Chapter?
Monday, June 25, 2001 9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.6 Systems Energy Utilization
Moderator: Adam W. Hinge, P.E., Member, Sustainable Energy Partnerships, Tarrytown, NY
The Energy Management Chapter in the HVAC Applications volume of the ASHRAE Handbook includes detailed tables of energy usage and other characteristics for benchmarking of energy usage in buildings. In preparation for the revision/update of this chapter for the 2003 Handbook, this forum discusses what energy comparison data are currently included and seeks input for what would be most useful in the update.

Forum 16
Room: 265
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Who are the Players in Integrated Building Design?
Monday, June 25, 2001 9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Sponsor: TC 4.12 Integrated Building Design
Moderator: Harvey Brickman, P.E., Fellow/Life, Tishman Realty & Construction Company, Inc., New York, NY
Integrated design requires the cooperation of all interested parties at the earliest stages of design. Who are these interested parties? Does the composition of the group vary with the type of project? How does this group function? - 12:15 PM

Monday, June 25, 2001
10:15 AM - 12:15 PM

Seminar 22
Room: 235/236
ASHRAE Criteria for Noise and Vibration Impact on People
Monday, June 25, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 2.6 Sound and Vibration Control
Chair: Jason D. Swan, Associate Member, Cerami & Associates, New York, NY
While there are numerous criteria for the human impact of noise and vibration, ASHRAE has developed recommendations for criteria for noise and vibration and their use. A series of discussions are presented on the ASHRAE noise criterion table, human perception of vibration, tonal criteria for fans and chillers, the relationship of HVAC equipment to outdoor sound criteria, and the issues associated with the commissioning of building systems.
1. Recommended Background Noise Levels for Different Room Types
Eric Rosenberg, Member, Kirkegaard Associates, Chicago, IL
2. Fans and Chillers - Why We Need a Separate Pure Tone Noise Criterion
John Paulauskis, Member, HBE Corp., St. Louis, MO
3. Criteria for Community Noise - For Good and Evil
Richard J. Peppin, P.E., Member, SCANTEK, Inc., Columbia, MD
4. Vibration Criteria
Neil Moiseev, Member, Cerami & Associates, Inc., New York, NY
5. Issues Associated with Sound in the Commissioning of Buildings
Douglas D. Reynolds, Member, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV

Seminar 23
Room: 263
CFD Application for Tunnel Ventilation
Monday, June 25, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 5.9 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities; TC 5.6 Control of Fire and Smoke
Chair: Paul C. Miclea, P.E., Member, Earth Tech, Inc., Oakland, CA
Computational fluid dynamics has become a common tool in the analysis of fires in tunnels and underground stations. Various computer codes are available and suitable for this application. The seminar consists of several papers demonstrating the use of different codes to address tunnel ventilation and fires in tunnels.
1. Smoke Management in a Subway Station: Measurement and Modeling
J.R. Sinclair, Ph.D., Member, RWDI Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
2. Case Studies from Mathematical Analysis of Design Critical Situations in Ventilation of Underground Railways
Simon N. Drake, AeCon/Maunsell U.K., Beckenham, Kent, UK
3. Diffusion of Fumes Into Ambient from Ventilation Gratings
J. Greg Sanchez, P.E., Member, New York City Transit, New York, NY
4. CFD Analysis of Ventilation Alternatives for a Subway Station with a Single Mezzanine
Daniel M. McKinney, Member, Earth Tech, Inc., Oakland, CA
5. Short Tunnel Life and Safety Analysis
Abdelghani Zigh, Ph.D., Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc., New York, NY

Seminar 24
Room: 243
Enforcement Issues
Monday, June 25, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 3.8 Refrigerant Containment
Chair: Danny Halel, Associate Member, Hussmann Corp., Suwanee, GA
Over the past several years, enforcement of the refrigerant contaminant regulations and the regulations as well have changed. This seminar addresses those changes.
1. EPA Regulatory Update
Julius Banks, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
2. European Containment Issues
Denis Clodic, Ph.D., Member, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Paris-Cedex, France
3. Industry Activities to Improve Refrigerant Containment
David S. Godwin, P.E., Member, ARI, Arlington, VA
4. Refrigerant Recovery and Recycling: International Policies, Practices, and National Plans
W. Keith Snelson, IEA Heat Pump Centre, AE Sittard, The Netherlands

Seminar 25
Room: 230/244
Field and Laboratory Perspectives on Commercial Kitchen Ventilation
Monday, June 25, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 5.10 Kitchen Ventilation
Chair: Donald R. Fisher, P.Eng., Fisher-Nickel, Inc., San Ramon, CA
The "energy level" and dialogue by ASHRAE members on the topic of commercial kitchen ventilation systems has never been higher. Research projects continue to bring new information as does more aggressive commissioning efforts by designers and operators. Programs sponsored by TC 5.10, Kitchen Ventilation, continue to be well attended at ASHRAE meetings. This seminar presents new insights and perspectives in field and lab testing of commercial kitchen ventilation systems.
1. Commissioning HVAC Systems in the Restaurant Industry
Stephen K. Melink, P.E., Member, Melink Corp., Cincinnati, OH
2. Commissioning Exhaust Hoods in a Quick-Service Restaurant
Mark Finck, Member, Burger King, Miami, FL
3. Hood Performance Testing: A Research Update
Paul Sobiski, Associate Member, Architectural Energy Corp., Wood Dale, IL
4. Development of an MOT for Determining Efficiencies of Grease Extraction Systems
William A. Welch, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA

Seminar 26
Room: 242
Internet Hotels/Data Centers: Opportunities and Challenges of the New Economy
Monday, June 25, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 1.9 Electrical Systems; TC 4.1 Load Calculation Data and Procedures
Chair: Michael P Kuk, Member, ComEd, Oak Brook, IL
The emergence of the high-tech economy is presenting new opportunities and challenges to engineers, as well as the nation’s energy companies. “Internet Hotels/Data Centers” are 200,000-100,000 ft2 buildings with “wall to wall” computer equipment. This seminar discusses the issues, opportunities, and challenges involved with this unique and rapidly growing industry class. This seminar gives a customers/owners/engineers perceptive of the issues. Presentations cover new data detailing the trends on loads in computer rooms and their infrastructure need, the multiple (and often unique) engineering/design challenges involved, and the experiences of experts in the industry.
1. A Customer/Owners Perspective
Natt Tafuri, Broom Field, CO
2. Accurately Estimating Building Loads
Chris Wilkins, P.E., Member, Hallam Associates, South Burlington, VT
3. Engineering/Design Challenges
Don Beaty, P.E., Member, DLB Associates, Wanamassa, NJ

Seminar 27
Room: 260/261
Issues Update
Monday, June 25, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: Technical, Energy and Government Activities Committee
Chair: Thomas E. Werkema, Member, Atofina Intermediate Chemicals Group, Philadelphia, PA
The seminar focuses on updating energy issues and reporting on the mid-June refrigerant summit at NIST. Energy deregulation is a particular concern for the HVAC industry. A presentation on the Ohio electric power deregulation describes lessons learned and challenges ahead from the first six months of their deregulation. Global markets and trends in energy availability and use are addressed. A representative of the U.S. DOE provides an overview of new initiatives and priorities of the Bush Administration. Finally, information on the mid-June industry Summit on refrigerants at NIST is presented. The workshop focus is refrigerant (HFCs, hydrocarbons, etc.) in the food, processing, transportation and services sectors.
1. Overview of North American and Midwestern Energy Markets
Thomas C. Mort, Delphi Automotive Systems, Troy, MI
2. Electricity, Competition, Environmental Issues and the Utility Industry
Michael T. Rossler, Edison Electric Institute, Washington, DC
3. Update on DOE's Building Technology Activities
Mark Ginsberg, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC
4. NIST Workshop Forum for Refrigeration
David F. Lewis, Member, Lennox International Inc., Richardson, TX

Seminar 28
Room: 262
The Mechanical Engineer's Role in Sustainable Design
Monday, June 25, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TG2 Buildings’ Impacts on the Environment
Chair: Karl Stum, Member, CH2M HILL, Vancouver, WA
Designing buildings that minimize environmental impacts is becoming more prevalent, and required by regulation in some areas. Mechanical engineers are critical members of any environmental design team and their decisions significantly impact energy use and other environmental impacts of buildings. This seminar provides information that will assist the engineer in interfacing with and providing guidance to the architect, dealing with the energy baselining issues when using ASHRAE 90.1-1999 and in addressing indoor environmental quality issues related to sustainable design.
1. Helping Architects Hone Their Vision for Maximum Performance
Jay Enck, P.E., Member, CH2M HILL, Atlanta, GA
2. Indoor Environmental Quality Issues in Sustainable Design
Walter Grondzik, Member, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL
3. Issues Around Using ASHRAE Energy Standard 90.1-1999 As A Metric
Mark Case, P.E., Member, ETC Group, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
4. What Architects Need From Engineers
Rachelle Schoessler Lynn, LHB Engineers and Architects, Minneapolis, MN

Monday, June 25, 200110:15 AM - 11:05 AM
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM

Forum 17
Room: 268
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Control Systems as Applied to Ground Source Heat Pump Systems
Monday, June 25, 2001 10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.8 Geothermal Energy Utilization; TC 9.4 Applied Heat Pump/Heat Recovery Systems
Moderator: Jitendra B. Singh, P.E., Member, J and P Engineers, P.A., Kendal Park, NJ
The forum focuses on various control strategies currently in use in buildings with geothermal systems. The effort would be to demonstrate current control strategies and to encourage audience participation for determining the needed improvements. The discussion stresses use of simple control strategies that are effective and economical.

Forum 18
Room: 265
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
SPC 145P Update: Report of Round-Robin Testing
Monday, June 25, 2001 10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Sponsor: TC 2.3 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant Removal Equipment
Moderator: Christopher O. Muller, Member, Purafil, Inc., Doraville, GA
SPC-145P, Test Methods for Assessing the Performance of Gas-Phase Air Cleaning Equipment, is conducting the second round of validation tests for its chemical media filtration media test method in advance of releasing a first draft. This forum presents the results of the round robin testing and reports on the progress toward releasing a review draft for gas-phase media evaluation. It also reports on progress of the development of the gas-phase filter test method.

Monday, June 25, 2001
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM

Forum 19
Room: 268
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
HVAC DDC Commissioning
Monday, June 25, 2001 11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Sponsor: TC 1.4 Control Theory and Application
Moderator: Frank Shadpour, P.E., Member, GEM Engineering, San Diego, CA
This forum addresses the latest tools and techniques for the commissioning of HVAC direct digital control (DDC) systems. DDC systems often are utilized as a tool to commission the entire mechanical system within a building. The question is how do we commission the DDC system itself? The accepted methods and most commonly practiced rules of thumb in commissioning of DDC systems are discussed. Also, the difference between commissioning and validation for pharmaceutical projects are reviewed.

Forum 20
Room: 265
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Peak Power Reduction through Hybrid Cooling Systems: Can You Reduce Energy Use and Still Keep Your Cool and Maintain IAQ?
Monday, June 25, 2001 11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Sponsor: TC 5.7 Evaporative Cooling
Moderator: Leon E. Shapiro, Member, J.D., ADA Systems, Wood Dale, IL
Rising energy costs and usage have placed increased burdens on both suppliers and users of energy. Peak load reduction is a primary concern for energy providers. Maintaining thermal comfort and IAQ without increasing costs is a primary concern for building owners. This forum explores whether hybrid cooling systems are available to provide solutions for each of these concerns.

Tuesday, June 26, 2001
8:00 AM - 10:00 AM

Symposium CI-01-06
Room: 260/261
The Effect of Safety Factor on Pump Selection and Performance
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 8.10 Pumps and Hyrdonic Piping
Chair: Brent Ross, P.E., Member, S.A. Armstrong Limited, Toronto, ON, Canada
The use of safety factors is common in engineering practice. The safety factors add a margin of safety to a design to ensure systems are not undersized but are capable of providing the desired minimum performance. Use of safety factors when sizing pumps on HVAC service is also common. Applying excessive pumping safety factors is often the reason that HVAC systems do not achieve the minimum performance intended. This symposium identifies the sources of safety factors, provides suggestions on appropriate application, identifies the effect on systems where excessive safety factors have been applied, and details practical site solutions to these issues after installation.
1. Reasons, Results and Fixes for Pump Safety Factors Overuse
Tony Egan, S.A. Armstrong Limited, Toronto, ON, Canada
2. Why Did I Buy Such an Oversized Pump?
Roy Ahlgren, Associate Member, ITT Fluid Handling, Mortin Grove, IL
3. Oversized Pumps - Practical Field Experiences
Shawn Mansfield, P.E., Member, Bornquist Inc., Chicago, IL
The Impact of Safety Factors on Pump Performance and Selection Case Study: A Methodology for Correcting Pump Oversizing
Scott Fisher, P.E., Member, State Farm Mutual Auto Insurance Co., Bloomington, IL

Seminar 29
Room: 243
Best Practices for the Treatment of Steam Used for Humidification
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 3.6 Water Treatment
Chair: Hal Roth, P.E., Member, BetzDearborn, Trevose, PA
The use of steam for humidification presents many advantages to the user but the source of the steam used could be of concern. Chemical treatment of the steam to protect the condensate system may present a health risk to the building occupants. Alternative "clean steam" systems are available though these have a higher first cost. In presenting options for reduced chemical consumption it should be possible to provide steam from a central plant that uses treatment chemicals with minimal risk to the building occupants.
1. Regulations, Standards, and Guidelines for Steam Quality used in Humidification
Mark J. Hodgson, Member, Clayton Group Services, Inc., Edison, NJ
2. Pre-boiler Treatment to Reduce Steam Contaminants
Kerry Zimmerman, Member, BetzDearborn, Trevose, PA
3. Chemical Treatment Options for Boiler Water and Steam Systems
Howard Benisvy, Member, Ondeo Nalco, Naperville, IL
4. Steam Humidification Equipment - Direct and Indirect
Bruce Billedeaux, Armstrong Service Inc., Three Rivers, MI

Seminar 30
Room: 235/236
Data Modeling for Building Operations
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 4.11 Smart Building Systems; TC 1.4 Control Theory and Application
Chair: Michael Kintner-Meyer, Ph.D., Member, Battelle Pacific NW Division, Richland, WA
This seminar discusses a mechanism for exchanging and utilizing data across different application programs and data sources so that costly reformatting of input data can be avoided. This mechanism is called data modeling. A data model is a generic representation of an HVAC component and device or a service that can be recognized and processed in many application programs. Standards of data models are the foundation for interoperability across software tools. The seminar emphasizes how data modeling for operational aspects has been used and their potential impacts for the buildings operations, maintenance, and diagnostics.
1. Advances in Facility Operations and Maintenance Software at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
David Chassin, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
2. Introduction to Data Modeling
James Forester, P.E., Member, Marinsoft, Inc., San Rafael, CA
3. Performance Metrics Data Model
Robert Hitchcock, Ph.D., Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Washington, DC

Seminar 31
Room: 262
Fuel Fired Power Plant Ventilation
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.2 Industrial Air Conditioning; TC 5.8 Industrial Ventilation
Chair: Charlie C. Shieh, Ph.D., P.E., Member, GPM Engineering, Corpus Christi, TX
The seminar discusses the design approach of fuel fired power plant ventilation integrated with project economics, climate and plant conditions to generate ideas that will pave the way for future design.
1. Fossil Fuel Fired Power Plant Main Building Ventilation South China Investigation Report
C. C. Yang, Enron Energy Services, Houston, TX
2. Ventilation for Boiler Building of Power Plant at Cold Area of North China
Congxin Huang, Northwest Electric Power Design Institute, Xi'An, Shanxi, China
3. Numerical Simulation of Air Flow Distribution in Complex Geometric Buildings - Power Plant
Nian-ping Li, Jian Sun, and Guang-fa Tang, Hunan University, Changsha, China
4. Ventilation in Power Plants Operation
Don Fiorino, P.E., Member, Enron Energy Services, Houston, TX

Seminar 32
Room: 242
Refrigeration: Back to the Basics
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC ; TC 10.1 Custom Engineered Refrigeration Systems
Chair: Joseph W. Pillis, P.E., Member, York Refrigeration, Waynesboro, PA
The proper application and installation of components used in industrial refrigeration requires knowledge of correct component specification and proper piping practices. Proper selection and installation of refrigeration components can make the difference between a good job, or an energy hog, as well as between a trouble free system and one that experiences operational problems. This seminar reviews the fundamentals of proper selection and application of several commonly used refrigeration system components.
1. Economizing for Industrial Refrigeration Screw Compressors
Joseph W. Pillis, P.E., Member, York Refrigeration, Waynesboro, PA
2. Condenser and TSOC Piping Practices
Rex Brown, Member, Industrial Refrigeration, Hampton, GA
3. Purger Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration
John Sluga, Member, Hansen Technologies, Burr Ridge, IL
4. Gravity Liquid Separators for Industrial Refrigeration
Bent Wiencke, Nestles, Glendale, CA

Seminar 33
Room: 230/244
Tools for Evaluating Building Environmental Performance
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TG2 Buildings’ Impacts on the Environment
Chair: Hal Levin, Member, Building Ecology Research Group, Santa Cruz, CA
Buildings are responsible for more than 40% of all energy and more than 25% of all material resources consumed in the U.S. and in many other countries. Environmental impacts of buildings include resources consumed and pollution released from materials extraction and manufacturing, construction, operation, use and, ultimately, disposal. In ASHRAE there is a rapidly growing interest in creating buildings that have less impact on the environment. The speakers describe and discuss approaches and tools for evaluating buildings' environmental performance. The focus includes environmental control technologies as well as the impacts of resources consumed and pollution emitted by the buildings.
1. Overview of Tools for Evaluating Building Environmental Performance
Hal Levin, Member, Building Ecology Research Group, Santa Cruz, CA
2. Context-Sensitive Approach to Computational Life Cycle Assessment for Buildings
Robert Ries, Member, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
3. UK Approach to Reducing Environmental Impact
Frank Mills, Member, Frank Mills Associates, Leyland, Lancashire, UK
4. Green Building Challenge: An Overview and Update
Nils Larsson, Canmet Energy Technology Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Tuesday, June 26, 20018:00 AM - 8:50 AM
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM

Forum 21
Room: 263
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Experiences with Residential HVAC in HUD-Code Manufactured Housing
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.3 Central Forced Air Heating and Cooling Systems
Moderator: Michael R. Lubliner, Associate Member, Washington State University, Olympia, WA
Over 250,000 homes are built annually to thermal and HVAC Federal Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards. Single and multi-section homes are built in factories, transported on wheels, placed on foundations, utilities connected and finishing completed. Most utilize forced-air heating/cooling equipment with crossover ducts located in unconditioned crawlspaces or attics, and supply plenums within the insulated zone, but outside the indoor pressure zone. A single return with no ductwork and an outside air duct to the return plenum for mechanical ventilation is common. Building/HVAC systems engineering can improve moisture control, energy efficiency and thermal comfort, while ensuring longevity and affordability.

Forum 22
Room: 265
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
What Performance Criteria Should be Included in a Radiant/Convective System Simulation Module?
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.5 Radiant Space Heating and Cooling; TC 6.4 In Space Convection Heating
Moderator: David G. Scheatzle, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
Currently, engineers and researchers do not have adequate simulation tools for radiant/convective systems. A public domain simulation program being developed needs to include a comprehensive radiant/convective system module so that the comfort and system performance of radiant/convective systems can be compared with other competing systems. This forum helps develop the criteria needed to write a research work statement for obtaining such a simulation module.

Forum 23
Room: 268
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
What Should Be Included about Hybrid HVAC Systems in ASHRAE Handbooks?
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.4 In Space Convection Heating
Moderator: Morris L. Markel, P.E., Fellow, ML Markel Consultants, Buffalo, NY
Hybrid HVAC systems (radiant/convective) are not addressed at all in ASHRAE Handbook chapters. This promising and fast emerging application needs to have solid and updated engineering design information, probably as a stand-alone Handbook chapter. This forum concentrates on several issues and potential ways to address this new application in proper ASHRAE publications with special emphasis on Handbooks.

Tuesday, June 26, 2001
9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Poster Session
Room: 201

A Method of Test to Obtain Diffuser Data for CFD Modeling of Room Airflow (RP-1009) (4467)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 4.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling
Jelena Srebric, Member, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; Qingyan Chen, Member, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
This study demonstrated how to use two simplified methods, the box and momentum methods, to simulate complex diffusers in room airflow modeling by computational fluid dynamics. The two methods require additional flow information that is not available from product catalogues of diffuser manufacturers. This information includes the distribution of discharge air velocity, box size, and flow direction. This research developed a method of test on how to obtain the additional information with minimal effort under the ASHRAE Standard 70-1991.

A Practical Device for Surface Tension Measurement in Volatile Fluids (HVAC&R Journal January 2001) (4468)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
P.A. Feenstra, McMaster, R.L. Judd, and D.S. Weaver, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
A surface tension analyzer specially designed to handle volatile fluids such as refrigerant R-134a has been designed and constructed. A relatively simple and practical method was developed to measure the surface tension of a small sample of volatile liquid, and to determine whether it had become contaminated with dissolved oil, grease or a surface active agent. The maximum bubble pressure method was selected and the apparatus constructed was tested using distilled water and methanol.

A Simulation Study on Energy Performance of Photovoltaic Roofs (4469)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Hongxing Yang, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Zuojin Zhu, University of Science and Technology of China; John Burnette, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
A simulation model was developed to investigate the thermal and electrical performance of photovoltaic (PV) roofs for hot climates. Direct numerical simulations of the heat transfer and energy conversion of the PV roofs are performed, employing a cumulative variable, which is convenient to adopt the empirical correlation of heat transfer.

A Test Apparatus and Method to Rate the Mixing Performance of Air Mixers (4470)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Keith D. Robinson, P.E., Associate Member, Blender Products, Denver, CO
Air mixers are frequently used in air handling equipment in order to reduce the amount of stratification within the air handling unit. At this time, there are no performance standards for these devices so there is no way to objectively rate the performance of these devices. In addition, air handling systems often have control systems that vary the relative amount of return and outdoor air to maintain a desired temperature. This paper presents a test method that can be used to rate the mixing performance of these devices under conditions typically encountered in actual air handling systems.

An Assessment of Refrigerant Heat Transfer, Pressure Drop, and Void Fraction Effects in Microfin Tubes (HVAC&R Research Journal April 2001) (4471)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Ty A. Newell, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Ramesh K. Shah, Delphi Harrison Thermal Systems, Lockport, NY
Microfin tubing can significantly increase heat transfer in refrigeration evaporators and condensers. The effectiveness of microfins is dependent on fluid properties, flow field configuration, heat flux direction (evaporation and condensation), and tube geometry. This review focuses on the performance of microfin tubes in refrigeration systems and details information known about microfin tube performance as well as information that is not yet investigated.

An Investigation of Refrigerant Void Fraction in Horizontal, Microfin Tubes (HVAC&R Research Journal January 2001) (4472)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
David A. Yashar, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD; Michael J. Wilson, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Helmut R. Kopke, Sargent and Lundy, Inc.; Douglas M. Graham, Proctor and Gamble Corp.; John C. Chata, and Ty A. Newell, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
A series of experiments to determine void fraction in both condensation and evaporation have been performed in horizontal microfin tubes with refrigerants R-134a and R-410A. Mass flux varied from 75 kg/m2-s to 700 kg/m2-s and average test section quality varied from 5 percent to 80 percent. Zero degree (axial grooving) and 18 degree helix microfin tube configurations have been examined in both condensation and evaporation. Four tubes were examined (7.3mm and 8.9mm diameters with axial and 18 degree helix angle microfins).

Contribution of Internal Heat Exchanger to Transcritical R-744 Cycle Performance (HVAC&R Research Journal April 2001) (4473)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
D. E. Boewe, Cummins Engine Co; Clark W. Bullard, Ph.D., Member, J. M. Yin, and P.S. Hrnjak, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
This paper presents results of 178 experiments evaluating the effects of internal heat exchange (IHX) on the performance of a well-instrumented prototype transcritical mobile a/c system using R-744 (carbon dioxide) as the refrigerant. Three coaxial internal heat exchangers of various lengths, having identical cross sections, were used in the experiments, in both parallel and counterflow configurations. These data were used to develop a simulation model that predicted accurately the IHX performance.

Design and Modeling of New Egg-Crate Type Forced Flow Evaporators in Domestic Refrigerators (4474)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
P.K. Bansal, and T. Wich, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; J. Chen, Fisher & Paykel Ltd., East Tamaki, Auckland, New Zealand; M.W. Browne, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
This paper discusses the design of new egg-crate type evaporators that are now used in the vapor compression-cycle-based modern domestic refrigerators and freezers. The evaporators work in counter/parallel cross flow configuration. The paper presents a steady state simulation model that has been developed to predict the heat transfer performance of these evaporators.

Design of Compressor Impellers for Water as a Refrigerant (4475)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Norbert Muller, Ph.D., Columbia University, New York, NY
A design procedure for a compressor system with separately driven pre-runner and main runner is introduced. The approach is restricted to radial-line blading, generally used for high work transmission, high volume flows and/or for reasons of stability and technology. The paper introduces some geometrical aspects of radial-line blading. It gives an algorithm for a quick design and flow-calculation of a wheel pair consisting of pre-runner and main runner.

Determination of the Divergence of Calculation Methods for Heat Gain through Walls (HVAC&R Research Journal January 2001) (4476)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
S. Chirattananon, Ph.D., Member, and A. Rajapakse, Ph.D., Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
Response factor methods have been developed and recommended by ASHRAE for calculation of heat transfer through walls. These methods compute heat transfer fluxes based on the past history of wall surface temperatures. Subsequent developments offer shorter calculation sequences and require smaller storage of past temperature and heat flux values. But these methods are recursive in nature. A systems approach is presented for examining such recursive calculation procedures.

Effect of Fin Staging on Frost/Defrost Performance of a Two-Row Heat Pump Evaporator at Standard Heat Pump Test Conditions (RP-1002) (4477) Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 8.4 Air-to-Air Refrigerant Heat Transfer Equipment
Richard J. Watters, Trinity Contractors, Dallas, TX; Dennis L. O'Neal, Ph.D., P.E., and Jianxian Yang, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
Three two-row heat pump evaporators (outdoor coils) were tested on a residential heat pump to determine whether fin staging would slow frost growth and improve heat pump frosting/defrosting performance. The base coil had a uniform fin density of 20 fins/in (8 fins/cm) on both rows. Two fin staged coils were examined. The first had fin spacing on the front and second rows of 15 fpi (6 fins/cm) and 25 fpi (10 fins/cm), respectively. Frosting/defrosting performance was evaluated at 35 degrees Fahrenheit (1.7 degrees Celsius) and 82% RH.

Effect of Fin Staging on Frost/Defrost Performance of a Two-Row Heat Pump Evaporator Under Heavy Frosting Conditions (RP-1002) (4478)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 8.4 Air-to-Air Refrigerant Heat Transfer Equipment
Richard J. Watters, Trinity Contractors, Inc., Dallas, TX; Dennis L. O'Neal, Ph.D., P.E., and Jianxian Yang, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
Three two-row heat pump evaporators (outdoor coils) were tested on a residential heat pump to determine whether fin staging would slow frost growth and improve heat pump frosting/defrosting performance under severe frosting conditions. Two fin staged coils were examined. Frost/defrost performance was evaluated at 28 degrees Fahrenheit (-2.2 degrees Celsius) with 90% RH and at 35 degrees Fahrenheit (1.7 degrees Celsius) with 82% RH. Frost growth on the leading edge of the front row was measured. Frost mass was estimated from psychometric measurements across the evaporator. Cyclic COP was determined for the frost/defrost cycle.

Efficiencies of a 11.2 kW Variable Speed Motor and Drive (4479)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Xingshun Gao, Student Member, Sally McInerny, Ph.D., P.E., Member, and Stephen Kavanaugh, Ph.D., Member, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
Energy efficiencies of a 11.2 kW (15 Hp) motor and pulse width modulated (PWM) drive over a full range of operating conditions are reported. The effects of different parameters on these efficiencies are analyzed. The implications of these results for variable speed pumping system are also discussed. Experimental results reveal that for a fixed drive switching frequency, component and system efficiencies vary with torque and speed, and both drive and motor efficiencies decrease at low torque.

Energy Wheel Effectiveness Evaluation: Part 1 Outlet Airflow Property Distributions Adjacent to an Energy Wheel (RP-862) (4480)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Wei Shang and Robert Besant, P.E., Fellow, University of Saskatchewan, Saskaton, SK, Canada
In the paper the outlet air flow properties are measured for a typical rotary energy wheel. It was found that the air temperature, humidity, and velocity are non-uniform in both the radial and angular directions adjacent to the outlet air faces of the wheel. Depending on the operating conditions and over the supply and exhaust outlet faces, the variations in temperature ranged from 2 to 6 degrees Celsius or .10 to .55 of the inlet temperature difference, variations in the relative humidity ranged from 7 to 15%, and variations in the velocity ranged from 1.0 to 2.8 m/s or .38 to 1.2 of the average velocity.

Energy Wheel Effectivenes Evaluation: Part 2 Testing and Monitoring Energy Wheels in HVAC Applications (RP-862)(4481)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Wei Shang and Robert Besant, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
The findings for non-uniform outlet flow properties in Part 1 were used to devise a simple method of in situ testing of rotary energy wheels in HVAC applications. This method uses only data taken at one angular position for the supply and exhaust outlets. Using these data, the resulting calculated effectiveness are within 5% for sensible, 7% for latent, and 5% for total effectiveness of the standard test method results. A set of steps for in situ performance testing of energy wheels is presented and discussed.

Extended Insight Into the Mestastable Liquid Region Behavior in an Adiabatic Capillary Tube (HVAC&R Research Journal April 2001) (4482)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Robert R. Bittle, Ph.D., Member, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX; Jason A. Carter, Bloom Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA; Jason V. Oliver, TAC Americas, Carrollton, TX
An experimental study has been completed with R-134a using a single adiabatic capillary tube. Testing was undertaken to determine if the metastable liquid region effect on steady-state mass flow rate measurements was repeatable and dependent on controllable test parameters, as had been suggested in a recent study. The experimental parameters were: steady-state inlet subcool level (three levels), the direction of approach to the steady-state inlet temperature (increasing or decreasing temperature), and the forced inlet temperature response rate used in attaining the steady-state flow condition.

Flooded Boiling of Ammonia with Miscible Oil Outside a Horizontal Plain Tube (HVAC&R Research Journal April 2001) (RP-977) (4483)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.3 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow
J.X. Zheng, G.P. Jin, and Ming-Chien Chyu, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX; Zahid H. Ayub, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Isotherm, Arlington, TX
Pool boiling tests were conducted with plain steel tubing using pure ammonia and a mixture of ammonia and a miscible lubricant. By comparing the results, the effect of miscible lubricant on shell-side boiling heat transfer coefficient of ammonia was quantified. Nucleate boiling of ammonia took place outside a plain steel tube of 19.1 mm (0.75 in) diameter. The tube was heated by liquid flowing inside to simulate a real heat exchange device. A polyalkylene glycol lubricant, miscible with ammonia, was tested at 0%, 1%, 5%, and 10% mass concentrations.

Heat Transfer through a Composite Wall with Enclosed Convective and Radiative Spaces: A Practical Two-Dimensional Analysis Approach (4484)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Mohamed A. Antar, Ph.D.,and Lindon C. Thomas, Ph.D., King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

This paper presents a practical thermal circuit method for calculating the R-value for a composite wall with enclosed air-filled rectangular cavities. Simultaneous effects of convection and radiation on heat transfer are considered. In addition, a parametric study is performed to investigate the effect of geometric arrangement and surface emissivity on the R-value.

Indoor Environmental Control: Review of Current Recommendations and Survey of Conditions at the Chicago Field Museum (4485)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Janeen R. Ault, Sanford A. Klein, Ph.D., Fellow, and Douglas T. Reindl, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Madison-Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Johanne Guay, CATH Associates, Evanston, IL
As a caretaker of cultural and natural artifacts, the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, IL contains irreplaceable objects. In situations where environments for artifacts are not correctly maintained and controlled, permanent damage to these objects can result. A longitudinal environmental survey was performed at the Museum to assess the performance of the facility's HVAC systems and controls. The primary objective was to develop and test a series of hypotheses to explain deterioration of a number of mammal mounts located in the museum's exhibition halls.

Measuring Principles for the Determination of Ice Concentration in Ice Slurry (4486)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Michael Kauffeld, Ph.D., Member, and Torben M. Hansen, Danish Technological Institute, Aarhus, Denmark
Ice slurry has several advantages compared to traditional secondary refrigerants due to its two-phase character, i.e. liquid and solid (ice particle) mixture. The knowledge of the ice concentration and hence the cooling capacity of an ice slurry is of eminent importance to the operation of ice slurry systems. Various physical properties of ice slurry can be used to determine the ice concentration. These physical properties are described as well as the measuring principles based on them. Each measuring principle is evaluated as to its accuracy, applicability, availability and price.

Multistage Optimal Operating Strategies for HVAC Systems (4487)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Mohammed Zaheer-uddin, Ph.D., Member, and G.R. Zheng, Ph.D., Member, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
The application of multistage optimization technique to determine optimal operating strategies for HVAC systems is explored. Using this technique, the energy efficiency potential of two widely used operating strategies, namely, constant- and variable-air-volume, is examined. A single zone space heating system, with a heat pump, a storage tank, a heating coil, a fan and ductwork is simulated. Typical building operation schedules consisting of off-normal, start-up and normal occupied periods are considered. A multistage optimization problem is formulated and solved.

NOT PRESENTING: An Inferometric Study of Free Convection at a Window Glazing with a Heated Venetian Blind (HVAC&R Research Journal April 2001) (4490)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
N. Duarte, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada; David Naylor, Ph.D., Member, P.Eng., Ryerson Polytechnic University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; P.H. Oosthuizen, and S.J. Harrison, Ph.D., P.Eng., Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
The free convective heat transfer rate from a vertical isothermal plate adjacent to a heated aluminum venetian blind is measured using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The blind was heated electrically to simulate solar heating and the plate was heated above the room temperature to simulate an indoor window glazing. Local and average heat transfer data were obtained for three blind heat flux levels, two blind-to-plate spacings and four slat angles, in the laminar flow regime. For most cases, data were obtained up to a plate Rayleigh number of RaL= 2.8x106 based on the distance from the leading edge. Infinite fringe interferograms were taken for temperature field visualization.

Numerical Analysis for Optimizing Flow Field in Charging SMIF Pod by Inert Gas (4488)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Ming-Tsun Ke, Ph.D., Member,Yong-Ren Zheng, P.E., Jia-Lei Yu, P.E., Sih-Li Chen, Ph.D., Member, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
The demand for cleanliness in wafer transfer devices in rapidly increasing with advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology. A nitrogen charger provides a controlled environment for pod devices as wafers are transferred from one station to another. This work simulates the flow field in an 8" SMIF (Standard Mechanical Interface) pod during charging with nitrogen using commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code CFX. The calculation results include the pressure, velocity and nitrogen concentration distributions inside the SMIF pod. Characteristic parameters influencing the flow field are discussed and optimized.

Survey of Reliability and Availability Information for Power Distribution, Power Generation and HVAC Components for Commercial, Industrial and Utility Installations (4489)
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
Peyton S. Hale, Jr., Power Reliability Enhancement Program (PREP), Fort Belvoir, VA; Robert G. Arno, Reliability Analysis Center, Rome, NY
This paper presents operational and maintenance data on 204 power generation, power distribution and HVAC items, including gas turbine generators, diesel engine generators, electrical switchgear, cables, circuit breakers, boilers, piping, valves, pumps, motors and chillers. The data collection process and the resultant data are the subject of this paper.

Tuesday, June 26, 20019:00 AM - 9:50 AM
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM

Forum 24
Room: 268
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Discussion and Demonstration of an Interactive Website for Construction and Maintenance Costs of HVAC Systems
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.8 Owning and Operating Costs
Moderator: Michaela A. Martin, P.E., Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
This is a demonstration of an active and functional website for keeping current and real time data on owning and operating costs of HVAC systems for commercial building applications. The discussion includes use of the interactive website for recording data.

Forum 25
Room: 263
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Immiscible Oil-Refrigerant Handbook Chapter: Do We Need One? What Should Its Content Be?
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Sponsor: TG10 Mineral Oil Circulation
Moderator: Daniel E. Kramer, P.E., Fellow, Kramer Engineering and Patent Attorney, Yardley, PA
The mainstream view of refrigerant and lubricant manufacturers is that only miscible lubricants be used with the new HFC refrigerants. The TG10 MOC has firm experimental data that immiscible lubricants lubricate and return properly in many applications. A proposed Handbook chapter would contain information that defined suitable application areas for immiscible lubricants. The forum explores these areas.

Forum 26
Room: 265
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Liability Concerns of Design Professionals
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Sponsor: TG1 General Legal Education
Moderator: Lawrence G. Spielvogel, P.E., Fellow, Consulting Engineer, King of Prussia, PA
In light of today's rapidly changing, complex technologies and practices, the downturns in the economy, and the increasingly litigious nature of our society, engineers are becoming increasingly concerned about liability. The new ASHRAE Task Group on General Legal Education (TG1-GLE) wants to know what your concerns are so we can develop and present informative, relevant programs that address the issues that are most important to you. Do you want to know about recent cases involving engineers? Do you want to know about professional liability insurance? What would you like us to do to help you? Come and tell us.

Tuesday, June 26, 2001
10:15 AM - 12:15 PM

Symposium CI-01-07
Room: 235/236
Applied Heat Pump/Heat Recovery Concepts for the New Millennium
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 9.4 Applied Heat Pump/Heat Recovery Systems
Chair: Joseph A. Pietsch, P.E., Fellow/Life Member, Dallas, TX
This symposium presents three unique approaches to conserving energy with applied heat pump/heat recovery concepts. The papers provide information on energy-saving applications in residential neighborhoods in Japan, portable classrooms in an elementary school in North Carolina, and a variety of commercial buildings in Hong Kong-China. An additional paper summarizes the most likely refrigerant options that will be utilized in the new millennium in applied heat pump/heat recovery systems.
1. Study on Heat Supply System Using Underground Water Tank for Thermal Storage
Hiroshi Nanaoka, Daiwa House Industry Co., Ltd., Nara, Japan; Shuichi Hokoi, P.E., Member, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan; Hisaya Nagai, Nagoya University, Furoh-cho Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan; Mamoru Matsumoto, P.E., Osaka-sangyo University, Daito, Osaka, Japan
2. Test of an Earth-Coupled Heat Pump with Above Ground Water Storage
Eric W. Soderberg, Student Member, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; James W. Leach, Ph.D., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
3. Desuperheater Heat Recovery Hot Water Heating Systems in Subtropics: Using Water Cooling Towers to Extract Heat from Ambient Air as Heat Source
Kun-Xiong Tan, Ph.D., Student Member, and Deng Shiming, Ph.D., Member, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
4. New Refrigerants for Applied Heat Pumps
H. Michael Hughes, Member, Lavonia, GA

Symposium CI-01-08
Room: 262
Experimental Validation of Multizone Network Airflow Models
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 4.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling
Chair: Amy Musser, Ph.D., Associate Member, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE
This symposium describes experimental validation efforts that have been made to verify multizone network airflow modeling techniques for analyzing infiltration, indoor air quality, and other engineering situations. As these models experience more widespread and diverse application, these verification studies will serve an important role promoting acceptance by the design community.
1. Validation of Multizone IAQ Modeling of Residential-Scale Buildings: A Review
Steven J. Emmerich, Associate Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
2. A Validation Study of Multizone Air Flow and Contaminant Migration Simulation Programs as Applied to Tall Buildings (RP-903)
Rebecca D. Upham, Member, Grumman/Butkus Associates, Evanston, IL; Grenville K. Yuill, Ph.D., Fellow, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE; William P. Bahnfleth, Ph.D., P.E., Member, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
3. Whole-Building Airflow Network Characterization by a Many-Pressure-States (MPS) Technique
Peter R. Armstrong, P.E., Member, Battelle Northwest, Richland, WA; Donald L. Hadley, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA; Robert D. Stenner, Ph.D., and Michael C. Janus, P.E., Member, Battelle, BelAir, MD

Symposium CI-01-09
Room: 230/244
NIST Centennial - Celebrating 100 Years of NIST-ASHRAE Relationship
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: Historical Committee
Chair: James E. Hill, Ph.D., Presidential Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
During 2001, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) will celebrate its centennial. This symposium celebrates the close working relationship between NIST and ASHRAE. The papers highlight the measurement of conductivity of thermal insulation that began in 1910, the development of computerized building energy calculation techniques that led to ASHRAE adopted algorithms in the 1970s, the writing of a building energy conservation document for model building code organizations that formed the basis of the first version of ASHRAE Standard 90, and research that supported the search for refrigerants to replace CFCs as working fluids in the 1980s and 1990s.
1. A History of Testing Heat Insulation at the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Robert Zarr, P.E., BFRL/NIST, Gaithersburg, MD
2. NBS Research and ASHRAE's 90 Series Standards
Jim Heldenbrand, P.E., Member, , Atlanta, GA
3. The Role of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Development of Energy Calculation Programs
Eugene Stamper, P.E., Fellow, , Teaneck, NJ
4. The History of NIST's Refrigerants Program: Part 1. Zeotropic Mixture Cycles and Heat Transfer
David A. Didion, Ph.D., P.E., Member, BFRL/NIST, Gaithersburg, MD
5. History of the NIST Refrigerants Program: Part 2. Thermophysical Properties Research
Mark O. McLinden, Ph.D., Member, NIST Boulder Laboratory, Boulder, CO

Seminar 34
Room: 260/261
Testing the Interoperability of BACnet® Systems
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 4.11 Smart Building Systems; SSPC 135, TC 1.4 Control Theory and Application, TC 1.5 Computer Applications
Chair: H. Michael Newman, Fellow, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
The BACnet Manufacturers Association (BMA) was founded in December 1999 to promote the BACnet standard through testing, education and marketing. Soon thereafter, the BACnet Testing Laboratory was created to develop a testing and listing program. This seminar reviews the status of the BMA's groundbreaking work.
1.BACnet Advocacy
Jim Lee, Cimetrics Inc., Boston, MA
2. Understanding BACnet Testing and Listing Program
James F. Butler, Member, Cimetrics Inc., Boston, MA
3. Development of BACnet Testing Tools
Steven T. Bushby, Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD

Seminar 35
Room: 242
Future NET Gains for the AE Office
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 1.5 Computer Applications
Chair: Brian K. Kammers, P.E., Member, Johnson Controls, Inc., Milwaukee, WI
Advancing technology continues to impact business. Clearly technology will redefine the business processes of tomorrow but in that change opportunities will present themselves. This seminar looks at the impact of developing technology on architects, engineers and building owners.
1. How Technology Trends Today Are Redefining Your Business Tomorrow
Duane A. Barrett, Associate Member, Bentley System, Inc., Madison, AL
2. AE Professional Services Opportunity - New Value Chains
Gary Koah, Jacobs Facilities, Inc., Arlington, VA
3. The AE's Long-Term Opportunity
David J. Branson, P.E., Member, Compliance Services Group, Inc., Lubbock, TX
4. Enterprise Monitoring to Improve Operations
Kristin Heinemeier, Ph.D., Member, Honeywell International, Edina, MN

Seminar 36
Room: 243
High Performance Buildings: Process and Metrics
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 4.12 Integrated Building Design; TC 1.10 Energy Resources
Chair: Drury B. Crawley, Member, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC
Buildings consume 36% of the nation’s energy supply. In these times of limited supply and volatile prices, integrated building design can substantially improve the performance of new buildings. These "high performance" buildings achieve better comfort and productivity, and substantially lower energy and operating and maintenance costs with little or no increase in construction cost. To meet the challenges facing our industry, leaders in the buildings industry developed a technology roadmap—a 20-year research plan for commercial buildings. This seminar presents the implementation of the technology roadmap along with a discussion of processes for creating high-performance buildings and related case studies of actual buildings.
1. A Technology Roadmap for High-Performance Commercial Buildings
Drury B. Crawley, Member, U S Department of Energy, Washington, DC
2. Process and Guidelines for Creating High Performance Buildings
Paul A. Torcellini, Ph.D., P.E., Member, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO
3. Successes and Stories for High Performance Buildings
Gail A. Lindsey, Member, Design Harmony Inc, Wake Forest, NC

Tuesday, June 26, 2001
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM

Forum 27
Room: 265
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Commercial Kitchen Ventilation Commissioning and Field Testing: Should ASHRAE Develop a Standard?
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Sponsor: TC 5.10 Kitchen Ventilation
Moderator: Stephen L. Brown, Member, LCSystems, Columbus, OH
Poor commercial kitchen ventilation system (CKVS) performance can result in unsafe and unsanitary conditions that negatively impact total building HVAC performance. Proper commissioning can detect system inefficiencies before the installation is complete. Proper field testing is designed to confirm safe, energy efficient and effective system performance. Currently no research-based CKVS commissioning standard exists. This forum discusses the need for ASHRAE to develop a CKVS commissioning standard including an ASHRAE method to properly field test CKVS performance.

Forum 28
Room: 268
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
How Do We Practically Apply Pressure Relief Freezer Vents?
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Sponsor: TC 10.5 Refrigerated Distribution and Storage Facilities
Moderator: Garry A. Peakman, Associate Member, Zeroloc Enterprises Ltd., Richmond, BC, Canada
It appears that no standard method for installing pressure relief freezer vents exists. This often leads to oversized, undersized or missing vents. This forum hopes to gather participants’ knowledge regarding the application of the vents and if a standard application guide should be drafted by ASHRAE or another organization.

Forum 29
Room: 263
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
How Standard 90 HP Ratings Negatively Affect New Motor Technologies in Fan Powered VAV Terminal Units
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Sponsor: TC 5.3 Room Air Distribution
Moderator: Gus Faris, Member, Nailor Industries, Houston, TX
ASHRAE 90.1 places horsepower per square foot limitation on new building design. Standard 90.1 requires designers to sum nameplate horsepower ratings on all motorized equipment, including fan powered VAV terminal units. High efficiency motors equipped with variable speed drives do not operate at their nameplate horsepower ratings when applied correctly. In fact, if applied correctly they operate substantially below the nameplate ratings of lesser efficient motors. In effect, Standard 90.1 is penalizing high efficiency motor applications by relying only on the nameplate ratings of the motor. The forum concentrates on possible solutions to this problem.

Tuesday, June 26, 2001
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM

Forum 30
Room: 265
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Can Energy Benchmarking Be Useful for Tracking Supermarket Efficiency?
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Sponsor: TC 10.7 Commercial Food and Beverage Cooling Display and Storage
Moderator: John Gallaher, Associate Member, Hussmann Corp., Suwannee, GA
Energy benchmarking is the process of comparing the "normalized" energy use of various facilities to detect poorly performing systems or determine where equipment upgrades are most appropriate. Benchmarking allows supermarket operators to compare the relative energy efficiency of their stores and could potentially allow for comparisons with other stores in a similar region if a suitable database were developed. This forum discusses how energy benchmarking is currently being used in the industry, what the benefits have been, and how the process could be improved. The potential benefits of an industry-wide database is considered.

Forum 31
Room: 263
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Hotel/Guest Housing Indoor Air Quality - This Place Stinks
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Sponsor: TC 9.8 Large Building Air-Conditioning Applications
Moderator: Bob Baker, Member, BBJ Environmental Solutions, Inc., Tampa, FL
Some hotel owners report routinely losing tens of thousands of dollars in room revenue because guests refuse to sleep in rooms that reportedly have foul odors. Satisfaction surveys suggest that even more revenues and profits are lost every year when guests avoid a property or chain because of persistent odor problems. Many causes are reported for these odors. The possibilities include smoking, food, water leaks, inadequate cleaning, and ventilation or air conditioning system inadequacies. At this seminar you will share your experiences with hospitality industry odor problems as we attempt to better understand these problems and the challenges and opportunities they may present for design engineers.

Forum 32
Room: 268
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Used the World Over, But Not Here…Why? Cleanroom Fan Filter Units and Operating Efficiency
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Sponsor: TC 9.11 Clean Spaces
Moderator: Larry Hughes, P.E., Member, Alpha Engineering, Newark, DE
There are two principal methodologies for providing proper airflow in cleanrooms, central air handling systems and fan filter units. In the U.S. central air handling systems are the predominate choice, but elsewhere, fan filter units command the lion's share of the operations. This forum attempts to discover the reasons for this split. Given an objective engineering approach, it would seem that the best technical solution in one location would have similar merit in others. The forum addresses the energy, construction and maintenance cost implications of the two methodologies.

Wednesday, June 27, 2001
8:00 AM - 10:00 AM

Symposium CI-01-10
Room: 260/261
Better Inputs for Better Outputs
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 4.7 Energy Calculations; TC 09.06 Systems Energy Utilization
Chair: James K. Willson, P.E., Member, Honeywell, Inc., Indianapolis, IN
The predictive accuracy of building energy simulations can be influenced by the validity and accuracy of the input data. This symposium provides insight into various aspects of energy simulation input-output variation plus information to improve the accuracy of certain calibrated simulations. It explores the variations occurring when standard inputs are applied to different simulation programs. It applies sensitivity analysis techniques to an array of input elements for typical building types. It also presents totally new food service energy use and profile information to improve the accuracy of calibrated simulations on buildings containing food service operations.
1. Results of the HERS BESTEST on an Energy Simulation Computer Program
Kamel H. Haddad, Ph.D., Member, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ian Beausdeil-Morrison, Ph.D., Member, CANMET Energy Technology Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
2. Sensitivity Analysis of Energy Simulation by Building Type
Maria Mottillo, Associate, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
3. Estimating Food Service Loads and Profiles
Vernon A. Smith, Member, Architectural Energy Corp., Boulder, CO; Donald Fisher, Member, Fisher-Nickel, Inc., San Ramon, CA

Symposium CI-01-11
Room: 263
Psychrometrics at Extreme Conditions
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.1 Thermodynamics and Psychrometrics
Chair: Vernon W. Peppers, P.E., Member, Peppers Engineering, Atlanta, GA
Basic psychrometrics has been thoroughly researched and is well known in the regions of conditions normally found in air-conditioning systems. Psychrometrics is not as well understood at more severe conditions such as high and low temperature and at high humidity. Recent research in these areas has extended our knowledge of psychrometrics. This symposium presents the results of this research.
1. Psychrometrics in the Supersaturated Frost Zone
S.A. Sherif, Ph.D., Member, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; P. Mago, Student Member, Universidad de Oriente, Puerto La Cruz, Venezuela; N.K. Al-Mutawa, Ph.D., Member, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait; R.S. Theen, Student Member, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; K. Bilen, Ph.D., Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
2. The Search For High Temperature Experimental Psychrometric Data (RP-1060)
Harry J. "Hank" Sauer, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, Life Member, H.F. Nelson, Ph.D., and Xianghong Huang, Member, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO
3. High Temperature Properties of Moist Air (RP-1060)
H. Fred Nelson, Ph.D., H.J. Sauer, Jr., Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, and Xianghong Huang, Member, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO

Seminar 37
Room: 243
Case Studies on HVAC Systems in Specialty Labs
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.10 Laboratory Systems
Chair: Todd R. Hardwick, Associate, TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN
This session presents case studies on the design of specialty laboratories. The speakers discuss the special control systems, design, commissioning and different solutions provided for a vivarium laboratory, a forensic laboratory, a photonics components laboratory and a BL4 lab.
1. Design Considerations for BSL2 & 3 and Support Facilities for a BSL4 Laboratory
Charles D. Kieffer, P.E., Member, The University of Texas System, Austin, TX
2. Commissioning of a Vivarium Laboratory
Carl N. Lawson, Member, Duke University Healthy System, Durham, NC
3. Challenges, Issues and Solutions in Forensic Laboratories
Rick Peters, P.E., Member, DLR Group, Seattle, WA
4. Case Study of a BL-3 Retrofit
John O. Varley, P.E., Member, Sear Brown, Independence, OH

Seminar 38
Room: 235/236
Ice Rink Floors from Top to Bottom
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 10.2 Automatic Icemaking Plants and Skating Rinks
Chair: John Topliss, Member, Refrigeration Components Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
This seminar identifies various sub-surface configurations in ice rink design. Piping methods and materials for both secondary refrigerant cooling and sub-soil frost protection are addressed. Design can vary from a typical indoor ice arena to an outdoor free-form ice surface.
1. Architecturally Designed Skating Surfaces: Thinking Outside the Box
Ted Martin, P.E., Member, Cimco Refrigeration, Toronto, ON, Canada
2. Piping Systems and Heat Transfer in Ice Rink Floors
Mark M. MacCracken, P.E., Member, Calmac Manufacturing Corp., Englewood, NJ
3. Looking from the Bottom Up
Al Podhorodeski, P.E., Member, PB Engineering, Aurora, ON, Canada
4. Design Considerations for Secondary Refrigerant Supply and Return Piping to Arena Floors
Ron Strong, Member, R.H. Strong & Associates, Delta, BC, Canada

Seminar 39
Room: 262
Maximizing Facilities Performance with Computerization
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.7 Operation and Maintenance Management; TC 4.11 Smart Building Systems
Chair: James W. Gartner, Member, Shaw Almex, Fusion Systems, Cincinnati, OH
Computer systems and software are improving our ability to design, build, operate and maintain facilities to maximum performance. Different perspectives on solutions to traditional problems are offered to stimulate discussion and better approaches.
1. Leveraging the Internet to Improve HVAC Asset Reliability
Steven Richmond, Projetech, Cincinnati, OH
2. Improving Rooftop Unit Efficiency Using Portable Microprocess-Based Diagnostic Tools
Todd M. Rossi, Ph.D., Associate Member, Field Diagnostic Services Inc., Langhorne, PA
3. Enhanced Open Systems Solutions for Facility Management: The Contractor's Perspective
Douglas Lafever, Kuempel Service, Comfort Systems USA, Cincinnati, OH
4. An Engineer's Perspective: Application of Performance Based Bids for Procurement of Chilled Water Plant Equipment
Steven T. Taylor, P.E., Member, Taylor Engineering, Alameda, CA
5. Maximizing University Facilities Performance with BAS Using Direct Digital Control: A User's Performance
Carl Reuther, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH

Seminar 40
Room: 242
Thermal Storage System Design and Operating Experience - Opportunities and Difficulties in Retrofitting with Ice Storage
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.9 Thermal Storage
Chair: Amy Wortman, Member, Baltimore Aircoil Co., Baltimore, MD
The design and operation of four very different cool thermal storage systems from the Cincinnati area are discussed. This seminar includes the rationale for each project, design and start-up experiences and operating history. The presenters discuss integrating cool thermal storage with an existing system and retrofitting a historic building with it. Cool thermal storage control strategies, its impact on comfort control and energy efficiency is covered.
1. Stratified TES Tank Supports Building/Campus Chilled Water Needs
Donald R. Bahnfleth, P.E., Fellow, ZBA, Inc. - Engineers & Consultants, Cincinnati, OH
2. East Campus Chiller Plant Operation at the University of Cincinnati
Peter Luken, P.E., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
3. Opportunities and Difficulties in Retrofitting With Ice Storage at the R L Polk Building
Steve Vamosi, P.E., Member, Intertech Design Services, Cincinnati, OH
4. Consolidation of Multiple, Outdated Systems at a High School Campus into One System with Ice Storage
W. John Albrecht, Jr., Perfection Mechanical, Cincinnati, OH
5. Design, Installation and Operational Experiences of Thermal Storage Systems
Jim Landers, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH

Seminar 41
Room: 230/244
Ventilation Systems for the Automotive Industry
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 5.8 Industrial Ventilation
Chair: Alexander M. Zhivov, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Zhivov & Associates, L.L.C., Champaign, IL
With the developments of production processes in the auto manufacturing industry, there is a need to match manufacturing processes with appropriate approaches in HVAC design and ventilation technologies selection. To provide the best working environment while contributing to the overall cost reduction, it is important that those involved in the HVAC design and construction process cooperate throughout all stages of this process. Usually only part of the data for HVAC system design is available when required. So, the design process is partly based on assumptions and further adjustments and revisions when the data becomes available. The seminar addresses specifics of ventilation systems used in auto manufacturing plants.
1. Basics for Design Oil Mist Control Ventilation Systems
Wayne M. Lawton, Member, ARCADIS Giffels, Southfield, MI
2. Air Distribution Systems for Paint Shops
Franc Sodec, P.E., KRANTZ TKT GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany<
3. Body Shop Ventilation Systems
Alexander M. Zhivov, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Zhivov & Associates, L.L.C., Champaign, IL
4. Contaminant Control Systems for Final Assembly
Wayne Lutz, P.E., PlymoVent Corp., Edison, NJ

Wednesday, June 27, 2001
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM

Forum 33
Room: 268
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Converting Particle Number to Mass Concentrations: How and Why
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Sponsor: TC 2.4 Particulate Air Contaminants and Particulate
Moderator: Matt Klein, P.E., Member, Indoor Air Quality Solutions, Bethel, OH
Conversion of particle size information to mass concentration is needed at times. Such a case may be when trying to characterize a person's potential mass exposure using size information. Another case may be when estimating filter mass loading using particle size information. And another case may be when trying to estimate the effect of particle size shift. This forum is intended to explore the need for converting particle size information to mass concentration and how it can be done.

Forum 34
Room: 265
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Integrated Building Design vs. Traditional Building Design: What Are the Pros and Cons?
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Sponsor: TC 4.12 Integrated Building Design
Moderator: Wes George, P.E., Member, MCI WorldCom, Richardson, TX
The forum discusses the integral aspects of the two different types of building design approaches. It provides an opportunity to discuss how these approaches affect the flow of the project design. It also provides valuable data and ideas for the generation of the Integrated Building Design Handbook Chapter. The forum is a precursor for a future seminar by garnering topics, design approaches and real world applications of building design.

Forum 35
Room: 268
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Optical Particle Counters: Use and Misuse
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Sponsor: TC 2.4 Particulate Air Contaminants and Particulate Contaminant Removal Equipment
Moderator: Thomas H. Kuehn, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
Optical particle counters are a convenient instrument to use when real-time aerosol size distribution data are required. However, these instruments have limitations such as high concentration limits and counting losses at both ends of the particle size range. This forum provides a venue for discussing the advantages and limitations of these particle measuring instruments.

Forum 36
Room: 265
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
What Is ASHRAE’s Role in the Current Electric Supply Crisis?
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.10 Energy Resources
Moderator: Mark E. Case, P.E., Member, etc Group. Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
What roles can, or should, ASHRAE members play to help mitigate the impacts of the recent electric supply crises? What impacts are, or will there be, on ASHRAE members – designers, suppliers, manufacturers? What should ASHRAE and ASHRAE members do in response? What kinds of programs, research or other initiatives should ASHRAE be working on? These are some of the questions we wish to explore in this timely forum.
Wednesday, June 27, 2001
10:15 AM - 12:15 PM

Seminar 42
Room: 262
Being Successful with Variable Speed Drive Applications
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 8.11 Electric Motors and Motor Control
Chair: John W. Tolbert, Member, Bristol Compressors, Bristol, VA
As VSDs become more popular, the success stories, new products and application issues are of more interest to the Society. This seminar is a mixed bag of these three evolving areas of the technology.
1. Using Lake Water for Chilled Water Cooling
Jeff Miller, ABB Drives & Power Products, New Berlin, WI
2. 20-1500 HP PM Adjustable Speed Drive
Ronald B. Woodard, MagnaDrive, Seattle, WA
3. Experiences in the Application of Variable Frequency Drives to Water Chillers
Ivan Jadric, York International Corp., York, PA
4. Drive Generated Harmonic Mitigation Methods
Thomas F. Lowery, Member, Rockwell Automation, Cleveland, OH

Seminar 43
Room: 243
Design Implications of New Codes and Standards for Laboratory Facilities
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 9.10 Laboratory Systems
Chair: J. Patrick Carpenter, P.E., Member, Kling Lindquist, Philadelphia, PA
There are many codes and standards that relate both directly and indirectly to the design of HVAC systems for laboratories. Several of the more significant standards have recently been revised (NFPA 45), are under public review (ANSI Z9.5) or are currently under consideration for revision (ASHRAE Standard 110). The issues involved range from appropriate ventilation rates to sophistication of controls to concepts for normal vs. emergency operation to exhaust concepts to mitigate contamination. This seminar discusses the issues and design implications of these changes and addresses how and why they are important to owners and designers.
1. Supply and Exhaust Air Systems and Manifolding Issues
J. Patrick Carpenter, P.E., Member, Kling Lindquist, Philadelphia, PA
2. Chemical Hoods, Reliability and Control Issues
Gregory F. Deluga, P.E., Member, Siemens Building Technologies, Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL
3. Dispersion and Exhaust Stack Issues
Michael A. Ratcliff, Member, RWDI, Guelph, ON, Canada
4. Commissioning for Compliance
Peter B. Gardner, Member, Torcon, Inc., Westfield, NJ

Seminar 44
Room: 242
Designing Flexibility into Laboratory Animal Environmental Systems
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 2.2 Plant and Animal Environment
Chair: Daniel A. Ghidoni, P.E., Member, CIH, The Baker Co., Inc., Sanford, ME
Animal laboratory HVAC systems must address both animal and human ventilation requirements. Pathogen free animals require protection from airborne contaminants. Potentially hazardous materials can become airborne through the bedding material of animals treated with carcinogenic drugs. Animal dander can cause allergic reactions to the worker. While animals can be housed in cages which isolate them and contain their generation of contaminants, exposures to the animal and workers must be controlled during routine cage changing and during research procedures requiring animal and human interface. Changing research needs require flexibility in the HVAC system to meet the variety of demands.
1. Flexibility from the User's Perspective
William P. Yonushonis, Ph.D., The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
2. Exhaust Requirements for Animal Containment and Isolation Equipment
Daniel A. Ghidoni, P.E., Member, The Baker Company Inc., Sanford, ME
3. Flexible Airflow Control Systems for Laboratory Animal Facilities
Daniel Frasier, P.E., Member, Phoenix Controls Corp., Newton, MA
4. Ventilation System Design for Flexibility in Animal Facilities
Paul Leonard, P.E., Member, Kling Lindquist, Philadelphia, PA

Seminar 45
Room: 230/244
International Examples of Sustainability
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 1.10 Energy Resources
Chair: Vikas Patnaik, Ph.D., Member, The Trane Company, LaCrosse, WI
In a world with diminishing (fossil-fuel) energy resources and growing energy demand, it is important to foster sustainable design leverage between nations. This seminar examines actual case studies in sustainability, both at the equipment and building level, from around the globe.
1. Engineering a Sustainable World
Alisdair I. McGregor, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Ove Arup & Partners, San Francisco, CA
2. Moving Towards Sustainability: Canada's C-2000 Experience
Stephen Pope, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
3. A Novel Combination of Absorption Refrigeration and Thermal (Ice) Storage
Ian W. Eames, Ph.D., University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
4. Sustaining the Investment
Daniel P. Deville, First Energy Services, Brecksville, OH
5. Case Studies of Sustainably Designed Buildings in Australia, the South Pacific and Southern Africa
Ashok Raiji, P.E., Member, Ove Arup & Partners, New York, NY

Seminar 46
Room: 235/236
Pattern-Recognition-Based Fault Detection and Diagnostics for Building Operation
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TC 1.5 Computer Applications; TC 4.11 Smart Buildings
Chair: Michael R. Brambley, Ph.D., Member, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
Fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) is becoming increasingly recognized as important to high-quality operation and maintenance of HVAC and other building systems. Pattern recognition represents a class of methods that are valuable for FDD and show promise for providing a basis for automating FDD, thus enabling faster, lower-cost, and truly continuous detection and diagnosis of faults. The seminar includes presentations that span the topics of data visualization techniques, detecting and diagnosing faults using visual pattern recognition, and automated pattern recognition and its application to building operation.
1. HVAC Data Visualization: Past, Present, Future
Jeff S. Haberl, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
2. Data Visualization for Building Automation Systems
Michael Piotrowski, Member, Johnson Controls Inc., Milwaukee, WI
3. HVAC System Diagnostics Based on Visual Pattern Recognition
Stuart S. Waterbury, P.E., Member, Architectural Energy Corp., Boulder, CO
4. Introduction to Automated Pattern Recognition for Fault Detection and Diagnostics
Robert S. Briggs, Member, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA

Seminar 47
Room: 260/261
Responsible Use of Refrigerants
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
Sponsor: TG2, Global Climate Change
Bill Walter, Member, Carrier Corp., Syracuse, NY
Ozone depletion and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer forced the air-conditioning and refrigeration industry to replace refrigerants that had been used for several decades. Some of the refrigerants, which are being used to replace ozone-depleting compounds, are greenhouse gases and their emissions must be controlled to reduce the impacts of climate change. These global environmental issues have changed the way in which we manage refrigerants from production through charging and service to disposal. The speakers in this seminar present their approach to the responsible use of refrigerants.
1. The Role of Refrigerants in Climate Change
James M. Calm, P.E., Fellow, Engineering Consultant, Great Falls, VA
2. Responsible Care: Product Stewardship for Refrigerants
Christoph Meurer, Solvay Fluor und Derivate GmbH, 30173 Hannover, Germany
3. HFC Stewardship Considerations for Producers
Steven H. Bernhardt, Ph.D., Member, DuPont, Wilmington, DE
4. Stewardship of Refrigerants from the Production Plant to the End-User
Frédérique Sauer, Member, Dehon Service, F - 94683 Vincennes Cedex, France

Wednesday, June 27, 2001
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM

Forum 37
Room: 265
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
How to Assess the Performance of Tubular Skylights
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Sponsor: TC 4.5 Fenestration
Moderator: Hakim Elmahdy, Ph.D., P.E., Member, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Tubular skylights are becoming very popular in the marketplace in North America. The nature of their design and construction makes it rather difficult to test them for performance evaluation compared to other conventional fenestration products. The current Handbook, Fundamentals volume, Chapter 29 Fenestration does not include any data or information on testing and evaluation of these products. This forum provides an opportunity for the product designers, manufacturers, researchers, code officials and others concerned with the subject matter to discuss the proper ways to evaluate, test and document the characteristics of these fenestration products.

Forum 38
Room: 263
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
IAQ - Sensing Experiences: What Works?
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.4 Control Theory and Application; TC 4.3 Ventilation Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration
Moderator: Jim Coogan, P.E., Associate, Siemens Building Technology, Buffalo Grove, IL
This forum seeks to collect the experiences of practitioners who have applied any of the available sensing technologies to indicate the quality of indoor air or the need for ventilation. Questions include: What does the sensor measure? Where is it located? How is the information used (monitoring, alarms, demand-controlled ventilation)? How well does the measurement correlate to occupants’ perception of fresh air? How well does it correlate to compliance with the ventilation standard?

Forum 39
Room: 268
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Testing and Balancing Specifications: What Should be Included and Excluded?
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Sponsor:TC 9.7 Testing and Balancing
Moderator: Gerald J. Kettler, P.E., Member, AIR Engineering and Testing, Inc., Dallas, TX
Testing and balancing (TAB) is specified in most air-conditioning projects. The TAB functions required are intended to provide the air and water distribution required for the design to provide the intended ambient conditions and efficiency. In practice, TAB specifications vary widely in requirements and results. Some specifications require impossible operations or results. Others require testing of equipment not installed on the project. This forum discusses the application and problems in test and balance specifications.

Wednesday, June 27, 2001
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM

Forum 40
Room: 265
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Condensation Resistance of Commercial Fenestration Systems
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Sponsor: TC 4.5 Fenestration
Moderator: Dragan Curcija, Ph.D., Member, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
Condensation resistance of fenestration systems is an important comfort and durability issue. Typically more thermally insulating fenestration products will have better resistance to the occurrence of condensation. Until recently, condensation resistance was evaluated only using physical measurements of surface temperatures on indoor side of a fenestration product. New generation of computer tools incorporate advanced algorithms for simulating thermal behavior of fenestration products including determining accurate temperature field on indoor surfaces. However, there are questions how these models can deal with specific features of commercial fenestration systems. This forum attempts to provide some answers.

Forum 41
Room: 268
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Design and Operation of Applied Heat Pump Systems in a Volatile Energy Supply and Price Environment
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Sponsor: TC 9.4 Applied Heat Pump/Heat Recovery Systems
Moderator: Morton H. Blatt, Fellow, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA
Recent escalation in natural gas prices and shortages of electric power have created challenges and opportunities for HVAC engineers. This forum encourages participation by energy supply experts, forecasters, equipment designers, conservation and load management experts and energy users. Topics of discussion include the future volatility of natural gas and electricity prices and supply and corresponding equipment design and operation issues that need to be considered. Hybrid (gas/electric) equipment, storage and interruptible devices are discussed. Pros and cons and future opportunities will be drawn out of the discussion.

Forum 42
Room: 263
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Molecular Filtration Needs and Barriers to Use
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Sponsor: TC 2.3 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant
Moderator: John H Copley, Associate, Filtration Group, Inc., Aurora, IL
The need for molecular (carbon-gas phase) filtration as an IAQ tool is increasing as the health and productivity impact of molecular contamination is identified. While the need has been around for some time, there have been barriers to acceptance. The barriers include the inability of an individual to smell or see the contaminate and the high cost of measurement equipment. This forum facilitates a discussion on what the engineer-user-owner would like to see from the manufacturers of the removal and measurement equipment.

Revision Date: May 10, 2001

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